GV 879 
.C9 
1913 
Copy 1 



NaaSO 






Price 10 cents 




LIBRARY 



V3^ 



HOW TO SCORE 

A Base Ball Game 




S'' American Sports Publishing Co! iS^ 

X||«ii,,,»,,,,,..«||l, 2/ Warren Street, New YorK r HHfli''''f iP 




ffHESPALDlNGi 



iCoNSTiTUTc THB Solid Foundation op the Spalding Business 

MSBttMOOMMtoiiaftiiiiliattMttMl^^ 



Americans National Game 

By A. G. SPALDING 

Price, $2.00 Net 

A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated with over 100 
full page engravings, and having sixteen forceful cartoons 
by Homer C. Davenport, the famous American artist 



The above work should have a place in every 
public library in this country, as also in the 
libraries of public schools and private houses. 

The author of "America's National Game" 
is conceded, always, everywhere, and by every- 
body, to have the best equipment of any living 
writer to treat the subject that forms the text 
of this remarkable volume, viz., the story of 
the origin, development and evolution of Base 
Ball, the National Game of our country. 

Almost from the very inception of the game 
until the present time — as player, manager and 
magnate — Mr. Spalding has been closely iden- 
tified with its interests. Not infrequently he 
has been called upon in times of emergency 
to prevent threatened disaster. But for him 
the National Game would have been syn 
dicated and controlled by elements whose 
interests were purely selfish and personal. 

The book is a veritable repository of in-' 
formation concerning players, clubs and 
personalities connected with the game in 
its early days, and is written in a most 

interesting style, interspersed with enlivening anecdotes and 
accounts of events that have not heretofore been published. 

The response on the part of the press and the public to 
Mr.^ Spalding's efforts to perpetuate the early history of the 
National Game has been very encouraging and he is in receipt 
of hundreds of letters and notices, a few of which are here given. 

Robert Adamson, New York, writing from the office of Mayor 
Gaynor, says: — "Seeing the Giants play is my principal recreation and 
I am interested in reading everything I can find about the game. I 
especially enjoy what you [Mr. Spalding] have written, because you 
stand as the highest living authority on the game." 

Barney Dreyfuss, owner of the Pittsburg National League club: — "It 
does honor to author as well as the game. I have enjoyed reading it 
very much." 

Walter Camp, well known foot ball expert and athlete, says: — "It 
is indeed a remarkable work and one that I have read with a great 
deal of interest." 

John B. Day, formerly President of the New York Nationals:— 
'Your wonderful work will outlast all of us." 




W. Irving Snyder, formerly of the house of Peck & Snyder: — "1 
have read the book from cover to cover with great interest." 

Andrew Peck, formerly of the celebrated firm of Peck & Snyder: — 
"All base ball fans should read and see how the game was conducted in 
early years." 

Melville E. Stone, New York, General Manager Associated Press: — ■ 
"I find it full of valuable information and very interesting. I prize 
it very highly." 

George Barnard, Chicago: — "Words fail to express my appreciation 
of the book. It carries me back to the early days of base ball and 
makes me feel like a young man again." 

Charles W. Murphy, President Chicago National League club: — 
"The book is a very valuable work and will become a part of every 
base ball library in the country." 

John F. Morrill^ Boston, Mass., old time base ball star. — "I did 
not think it possible for one to become so interested in a book on base 
ball. I do not find anything in it which I can criticise." 

Ralph D. Paine, popular magazine writer and a leading authority on 
college sport: — "I have been reading the book with a great deal of 
interest. 'It fills a long felt want,' and you are a national benefactor 
for writing it." 

Gen. Fred Funston, hero of the Philippine war: — "I read the book 
with a great deal of pleasure and was much interested in seeing the 
account of base ball among the Asiatic whalers, which I had written 
for Harper's Round Table so many years ago." 

DeWolf Hopper, celebrated operatic artist and comedian: — "Apart 
from the splendid history of the evolution of the game, it perpetuates 
the memories of the many men who so gloriously sustained it. It should 
be read by every lover of the sport." 

Hugh Nicol, Director of Athletics, Purdue University, Lafayette, 
Ind. : — "No one that has read this book has appreciated it more than I. 
Ever since I have been big enough, I have been in professional base 
ball, and you can imagine how interesting the book is to me." 

Mrs. Brixton, owner of the St. Louis Nationals, through her treas- 
urer, H. D. Seekamp, writes: — "Mrs. Britton has been very much 
interested in the volume and has read with pleasure a number of 
chapters, gaining valuable information as to the history of the game." 

Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.D., New York: — "Although I am not 
very much of a 'sport,' I nevertheless believe in sports, and just at 
the present time in base ball particularly. Perhaps if all the Giants 
had an opportunity to read the volume before the recent game (with 
the Athletics) they might not have been so grievously outdone." 

Bruce Cartwright, son of Alexander J. Cartwright, founder of the 
Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, the first organization of ball players in 
existence, writing from his home at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, says: 
— '"I have read the book with great interest and it is my opinion that 
no better history of base ball could have been written." 

George W. Frost, San Diego, Calif.: — "You and 'Jim' White, George 
Wright, Barnes, McVey, O'Rourke, etc., were little gods to usback 
there in Boston in those days of '74 and '75, and I recall how indig- 
nant we were when you 'threw us down' for the Chicago contract. 
The book is splendid. I treasure it greatly." 

A. J. Reach, Philadelphia, old time professional expert: — "It certainly 
is an interesting revelation of the national game from the time, years 
before it was so dignified, up to the present. Those who have played 
the game, or taken an interest in it in the past, those at present en- 
gaged in it, together with all who are to engage in it, have a rare 
treat in store." 

Dr. Luther H. Gulick, Russell Sage Foundation:— "Mr. Spalding 
has been the largest factor in guiding the development of the game 
and thus deserves to rank with other great men of the country who 
have contributed to its success. It would have added to the interest 
of the book if Mr. Spalding could have given us more of his own 
personal experiences, hopes and ambitions in connection with the game. 



Pittsburg Press: — "Historical incidents abound arid the book is an 
excellent authority on the famous sport.'' 

Philadelphia Telegraph : — "In this book Mr. Spalding lias written the 
most complete and authoritative story of base ball yer, published." 

New York Herald: — "If there is anyone in the country competent to 
write a book on base ball it is A. G. Spalding, who has been interested 
in the game from its early beginnings. 

I. E. Sanborn, Chicago Tribune: — "'America's National Game' has 
been added to the Tribune's sporting reference library ns an invaluable 
contribution to the literature of the national pastime." 

O. C. Reichard, Chicago Daily News: — "It is cleverly written and 
presents information and dates of great value to the .newspaper man 
of to-day!" 

George C. Rice, Chicago Journal:—"! have read the book through, 
and take pleasure in stating that it is a complete histoi-y of the game 
from the beginning until the present time." 

Sherman R. Duffy, Sporting Editor Chicago Journal: — "It is a most 
interesting work and one for which there was need. It is the most 
valuable addition to base ball literature that has yet been put out." 

Joseph H. Vila, New York Sun : — "I have read it carefully and with 
much interest. It is the best piece of base ball literature 1 have ever 
seen, and I congratulate you on the work." 

Tim Murnane, Sporting Editor Boston Globe: — "You have given to 
the world a book of inestimable value, a classic in American history: 
a book that should be highly prized in every home library in the 
country." ' "• 

Francis C. Richter, Editor Sporting Life, Philadelphia: — "From a 
purely literary standpoint, your work is to me amazing. Frankly, 1 
Avould not change a line, 'or the reason that the story is told in a way 
to grip the reader aild hoid his interest continually." 

Los Angeles Times (editorial) ; — "Spalding's book has been out six 
months and ninety thousand copies have been sold. We understand 
there will be other editions. America has taken base ball seriously 
for at last two generations, and it is time enough that the fad Was 
given an adequate text book." 

Caspar Whitney, Editor Outdoor America, and one of the leading 
authorities in the world on sport: — "You have made an invaluable con- 
tribution to the literature of the game, and one none else could have 
made. Moreover, you've done some very interesting writing, which is 
a distinct novelty in such books — too often dull and uninteresting.'" 

New York World: — "Albert G. Spalding, who really grew up with 
the sport, has written 'America's National Game,' which he describes 
as not a history, but the simple story of the game as he has come to 
know it. His book, therefore, is full of living "interest. It is a volume 
generously illustrated and abounds in personal memories of base ball 
in the making." 

New York Sun: — "There is a mass of interesting information regard- 
ing base ball, as might be expected, in Mr. Spalding's 'America's 
National Game.' It is safe to say that before Spalding there was no 
base ball. The book is no record of games and players, but it is 
historical in a broader sense, and the author is able to give his personal 
decisive testimony about many disputed points." 

Evening Telegram, New York; — "In clear, concise, entertaining, nar- 
rative style, Albert G. Spalding has contributed in many respects the 
most interesting worl: pertaining to base ball, the national game, which 
has been written. 

"There is so much in it of interest that the temptation not to put 
it down until it is completed is strong within the mind of every 
person who begins to read it. As a historical record it is one of those 
volumes which will go further to straighten some disputed points than 
all of the arguments which could be advanced in good natured disputes 
which might last for rqontba '» 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

a Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now ^ 
: ) in print, grouped for ready reference c - ^ 



No SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 

1 Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide 
lA Spalding's Official Base Ball Recor<^ 

iC Spalding's Official College Base Bal! Annual 

2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

2A Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 
4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 

6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 

7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 

7A Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide 

8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 

9 Spalding's OfHcial Indoor Base Ball Guide 
I2A Spalding's Official Athletic Rules 

Group I 

No. 1 



No. lA 
No. Ic 
No. 202 
No. 223 
No. 232 
No. 230 
No. 229 
No. 225 
No. 226 
No. 227 
No. 228 
No. 224 



No. 



Base Ball 

Spalding's Official Base Ball 

Guide. 
Official Base Ball Record. 
Colleg-e Base Ball Annual. 
How to Play Base Ball. 
How to Bat. 
How to Run Bases. 
How to Pitch. 
How to Catch. 
How to Play First Base. 
How to Play Second Base. 
How to Play Third Base. 
How to Play Shortstop. 
How to Play the Outfield. 
How to Organize a Base Ball 

League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
How to Manage a Base Ball 

Club. 
How to Train a Base Ball Team 
How to Captain a Base Ball 
How to Umpire a Game. [Team 
Technical Base Ball Terms. 
Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 

Percentages. 
No. 350 How to Score. 

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 355 Minor League Base Ball Guide 
No. 356 Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
No. 340 Official Handbook National 

Playground Ball Ass'n. 

Group II. Foot Ball 

No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. 

No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 
No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 
No. 335 How to Play Rugby. 

FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 351 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. 
No. 358 Official College Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 



231 



No. 219 



Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- 
nis Annual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guide. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

Group VII. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding' sOfficial Basket Ball 

Guide. 
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 353 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 
Handbook. 

Group VIII. Lacrosse 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 

Group IX. Indoor Base Bail 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Group X. Pole 

No. 129 Wjater Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 



Group XI. 



No. 248 
No. 271 



Archery 
Boque, 



Miscellaneous Games 

No. 138 Croquet. 



f Racquets. Squash-Racquets. 
( Court Tennis. 



No. 194 

No. 13 ' Hand" Baiir^No. 167 Quoits 

No. 170 Push Ball. No. 14 Curling. 

No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 

XT 1QQ / Lawn Hockey. Parlor Hockey 

Mo. IbS J Garden Hockey. Lawn Games 

No. 341 How to Bowl. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



Groap Xn. Athletics 

No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
No. 27 College Athletics. iRules 

All Around Athletics. 
Athletes' Guide, 
Athletic Primer. 
How to Run 100 Yards. 
Distance and Cross Country 
Running. [Thrower. 

How to Become a Weight 
Official Sporting Rules. 
Athletic Training for School- 
Marathon Running. [boys. 
Schoolyard Athletics. 
How to Sprint. [petition. 

Walking for Health and Com- 
IntercoUegiate Official Hand- 
Girls' Athletics. [book. 
Y. M. C. A , Official Handbook. 
Public Schools Athletic 
Lt "Vgue Official Handbook. 

Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments 

No. 23 Canoeing, 

How to Row. 

How to Swim 

Speed Swimming, 

How to Become a Skater. 

How to Train for Bicycling. 

Roller Skating Guide, 

Group XIV. Manly Sports 

No. 165 Fencing. (By Senac.) 
No. 236 How to Wrestle. 
No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 



No. 182 
No. 156 
No. 87 
No. 255 
No. 174 

No. 259 

No. 55 
No. 246 
No. 317 
No. 331 
No. 252 
No. 342 
No. 357 
No. 314 
No. 302 
No, 313 



No. 128 
No. 177 
No. 296 
No. 209 
No. 178 
No. 282 



Group XIV. Manly Sports— Con. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells 
Medicine Ball Exercises, 
Pulley Weight Exercises, 
How to Punch the Bag, 
Tumbling for Amateurs, 

Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
Barn jum Bar Bell Drill, [cises. 
Graded Calls, and D. B. Drills. 
In- and Outdoor Gym. Games. 
How to Become a Gymnast. 
Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. [Apparatus. 
Pyramid Building Without 
Exercises on the Parallel Bars 
Pyramid Building with 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders. 
Handbook I.C. A. A.Gymnasts 



No. 262 
No. 29 
No. 191 
No, 289 



No. 254 
No. 214 
No. 158 
No. 124 
No. 287 

No 327 
No. 328 
No. 329 



No. 345 

Group XVI. 



Physical Culture 

No. 161 10 Minutes' Exercise for Busy 
No. 149 Care of the Body. [Men. 
No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 
No, 185 Hints on Health. [giene. 
No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. 
No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym- 
No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. 
No, 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
No. 213 285 Health Answers, [nasties. 
No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. 
No, 330 Physical Training for the 
School and Class Room, 



ANY OF THE ABOvfe BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 

Spalding ''Red Cover" Series of Afliletic Handbooks 

No. IR. Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac Price 25c. 

No. 2R. Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis Price 25c. 

No, 8R, Spalding's Official Golf Guide Price 25c, 

No, 4R. How to Play Golf Price 25c. 

No, 5R. Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Price 25c, 

No, 6R. Cricket and How to Play It Price 25c. 

No. 7R. Physical Training Simplified Price 25c. 

No. 8R. The Art of Skating Price 25c. 

No. 9R. How to Live 100 Years Price 25c. 

No. lOR. Single Stick Drill Price 25c. 

No. IIR. Fencing Foil Work Illustrated Price 25c. 

No. 12R. Exercises on the Side Horse Price 25c. 

No. 13R. Horizontal Bar Exercises Price 25c, 

No. 14R. Trapeze, Long Horse and Rope Exercises Price 25c, 

No. 15R, Exercises on the Flying Rings Price 25c. 

No. 16R. Team Wand Drill Price 25c. 

No. 17R. Olympic Games. Stockholm, 1912 Price 25c. 

No. 18R. Wrestling. . , Price 25c, 

No. 19R, Professional Wrestling Price 25c, 

No, 20R, How to Play Ice Hockey Price 25c, 

No. 21R. Jiu Jitsu Price 25c. 

No. 22R. How to Swing Indian Clubs Price 25c. 

No. 23R. Get Well ; Keep Well Price 25c. 

No. 24R. Dumb Bell Exercises Price 25c. 

No, 25R. Boxing Price 25c. 

No. 26R. Official Handbook National Squash Tennis Association Price 25c. 

No. 27R. CalisthenicDrillsandFancyMarchingfortheClassRoom Price 25c. 

No. 28R. Winter Sports Price 25c, 

No, 29R. Children's Games Price 25c. 

No. 30R. Fencing. (By Breck,) Price 25c. 




A. G. SPALDING 

Fipm Photograph Taken in San Francisco in 



November, 187** 



^ =^ 



X SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

^ Group I. No. 350 



HOW TO SCORE 

A Practical Textbook for Scorers of 

Base Ball Games, Amateur 

and Expert 



BY 

J. M. CUMMINGS 

Late Editor of The Sporting News, for Fourteen Years 

Sporting Editor of The Baltimore News, Official 

Scorer of the Baltimore Base Ball Club for 

Seven Seasons, Member of the Base 

Ball Writers' Association 



4^ 



PUBUSHED BY 

American Sports Publishing Company 

21 WARREN STREET. NEW YORK 

D O- x:>6 

Copyright, 1913, by American Sports Publishing Company 



.'4'^' 



A 



^ 
^ 



INDEX 




Preface 


PAGE 
3 


Glossary of Initials Used by Scorers 






4 


The Art of Scoring 






6 


The Scoring Rules . 






II 


Base-Hit vs. Error . . . , 






15 


Sacrifice Hits and Flies . , , 






26 


Fielder's Choice and Force Hit . 






29 


Put-Outs and Assists . , 






32 


Times at Bat . . , , 






36 


Scoring of Runs . . . , 






38 


The Earned Run . . , , 






41 


Double Plays and Stolen Bases . , 






43 


Miscellaneous Details . . , 






47 


Crediting or Charging the Pitcher 


« 




52 


Abrupt Terminations . ., 






56 


Making Up the Box Score , /'•. , 






58 


Appendix— Answers to Problems 






70 



©CU34770O 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



PREFACE 

For many years base ball has felt the need of more uniform 
scoring by the hundreds of official scorers attached to the clubs 
of "organized" base ball scattered throughout the country. 

The scoring rules, as promulgated from year to year by the 
Rules Committee of the major leagues, while ample for the ex- 
pert's guidance, leave too much to be interpreted by the beginner. 
Dropping from consideration the beginner's inexperience and his 
inability to obtain more definite written instruction on many 
obscure details of his art, from the mere standpoint of "many men. 
many minds," the result has been that even so-called "correct" 
scoring has shown a great range of latitude, according as the 
scorer has interpreted the instructions at his disposal strictly, 
liberally, or has endeavored to maintain the happy mean between 
the two styles. 

The consequence has been that one of the main objects for 
which scoring is designed — to show the comparative ability of 
players throughout a season — has been largely defeated because 
all scorers have not acted in unison, forming their opinions from 
some fixed, acknowledged standard. 

It is with a view of not only instructing the novice in the gen- 
eral principles of scoring, but of offering for the acceptance of 
the expert this long-needed standard, by which alone can the 
records be made uniformly of their highest value, that this work 
has been unJcrtaken. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



GLOSSARY OF INITIALS USED BY 
SCORERS 

A. Assists made by player while fielding his position. 

A. B. Times player has been At Bat. 

B. B. Bases on Balls. Used in denoting number received by 

player while at bat, or to denote number allowed op- 
ponents by pitcher. 

B. H. Safe Hits made by player while at bat, including sin- 

gles, doubles, triples and home runs, each recorded 
as one B. H. 

Bk. Balks made by pitcher. 

E. Errors made by player while fielding his position. 

E. B. Extra Bases made on hits by player while at bat, com- 

puted as one for doubles, two for triples and three 
for home runs. 

E. I. G. Extra Inning Games pitched by pitcher. 

F. Number of games pitcher Finished as substitute for 

preceding pitcher. 

G. Games Played. 
H. Same as B. H. 

H. B. Number of batsmen Hit By Pitcher while pitching. 

H. B. O. Number of Hits By Opponents made off pitcher while 
pitching. 

H.R. Number of Home Runs made by player while batsman.. 

I. P. Number of Innings Pitched by pitcher while officiating 

at pitcher's slab. 

L. Number of games Lost by pitcher, for which he has 

been charged. 

P. B. Passed Balls allowed by catcher while fielding his posi- 

tion. 

Pet, Percentage. 

P. O. Put-Outs made by player while fielding his positic. 

R. Runs Scored. 

R. O. Runs Scored On a pitcher during innings he has offi- 

ciated at pitcher's slab. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBllAR'?. 5 

S. B. Stolen Bases credited to base runner. 

S. F, Sacrifice Flies credited to player while batsman. 

S. H. Sacrifice Hits credited to player while batsman. 

S. O. " Struck Out. Used in denoting either number of times 

player has been struck out while batsman, or to 

denote number of strike outs credited to pitcher 

while officiating at pitcher's slab. 
T. Number of games Tied, generally used in connection 

with pitchers' records. 
T, B. Number of Total Bases gained by player as batsman, 

found by adding bases gained on singles, doubles, 

triples and home runs. 
T. C. Total Chances offered player while fielding his position. 

T. O. Games pitcher has partially pitched, from which he 

was Taken Out to allow the substitution of another 

pitcher. 
W. Number of games Won by pitcher, with which he has 

been credited. 
W. P. Wild Pitches charged against pitcher during innings he 

has officiated at pitcher's slab. 
2B. Two-base Hits made by player while batsman. 

jB. Three-base Hits made by player while batsman. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LlBR.RY. 



THE ART OF SCORING 

As there are umpires and umpires, so there are scorers and 
scorers. As the work of each of these important officials con- 
nected with base ball games depends, to a large extent, upon the 
correctness of individual eyesight and the resultant individual 
deductions, it may be expected that some criticism will ensue 
from self-appointed umpires and scorers. 

The scorer, however, can congratulate himself upon having the 
easier task. The umpire must form his judgment in the twink- 
ling of an eye "all standing" and that judgment, for weal or woe, 
must be irrevocable. The scorer can allow himself more time to 
form his opinion but, once formed, it should be as irrevocable as 
the decision of the umpire. 

The umpire must maintain a clear head and composed de- 
meanor, knowing that he is at all times the instant target, verbally 
and physically, for players and spectators, should his decisions fail 
to please all concerned. The scorer is safely and comfortably 
seated at a point of vantage generally removed from both players 
and spectators, further hedged about by the comfortable feeling 
that what he is doing is neither known nor deemed of any par- 
ticular consequence at the time by either body of voluntary critics. 

The umpire who has the hardihood to attempt his duties with- 
out a complete mastery of the rules of base ball, only invites 
martyrdom. The scorer, either in ignorance or from lack of the 
proper spirit, all too often makes the same attempt and — more's 
the pity — comes out unscathed, to repeat the imposition at his 
convenience. 

The scorer is not "a necessary evil." His position is one of 
great importance and great honor. He should bring to it a sense 
of responsibility and the determination to perform his duties 
conscientiously and with painstaking care. 

Now what requisites are essential in order to be able to score 
a game correctly and creditably? 

The would-be scorer must thoroughly know the rules of 
base ball from Rule i to Section 17 of Rule 86. 

The would-be scorer must thoroughly comprehend the 
general principles upon which scoring is based. 

The would-be scorer must determine to know no player, 
to know no team while discharging his duties, but to 

'' perform his duties as impartially as though the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7 

players were inanimate objects he had never before 
seen and he never expected to see again. All thought 
of fear or favor should be strictly eliminated from 
his. mind. 

The would-be scorer should determine to concentrate his 
attention on the movements of the ball from the time 
of the original command to play ball until the last hand 
is out in the last inning. Eternal vigilance is one of 
the prices of efficient scoring. 

The would-be scorer should never allow himself to be 
put in the position of financially benefiting by the 
victory or defeat of either team, or by the record of 
any individual engaged in the game. 

Why should the scorer deem it necessary to be posted on all 
the rules of the game instead of on the scoring rules merely? 

Because he cannot expect either to fulfill, or even to compre- 
hend his duties fully unless he has that broad familiarity with 
all details spread before him. Indeed, there are times when the 
scorer will be manifestly at sea unless he has the knowledge 
that will explain movements or results which, without that 
knowledge, would make that portion of the score sheet either a 
blank or ridiculous. 

To illustrate : The scorer sees a runner advance a base, ap- 
parently with full knowledge of his opponents, but with no move 
to restrain him. Unless the scorer is cognizant of the fact that 
the slight illegal motion the pitcher has made is a balk and that 
the penalty for committing a balk is the advancement of every 
runner on bases, he will be at a loss to account for the base each 
runner has so gained. 

Again, the scorer may see a pop fly fall untouched to the 
ground and bound away so that runners on bases safely advance 
and the batsman reaches first base in apparent safety. He will 
not understand why the umpire waves the batsman back to the 
bench, even though he allows the runners to retain their advanced 
bases, unless he is aware of the technical infield fly and just what 
can and cannot be legally done by base runners under such con- 
ditions. 

The scorer may find that two runners will endeavor to occupy 
one base at the same time and will note that the fielder, to "make 
assurance doubly sure" will invariably touch both runners. If the 
play happens to make the third out, causing sides to change im- 
mediately, how will he know which base runner is to be recorded 
as the third out, unless he is aware of the fact that the farther 
advanced runner was legally entitled to the base and that the 
man who "came up from behind" was the one actually put out? 



8 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Instances of this sort might be midtiphed to prove that no 
scorer can hope to be really capable unless he knows and knows 
thoroughly all the rules of the game he is endeavoring to record. 

Having mastered the general rules of base ball, it is a self- 
evident truth that the scorer should familiarize himself with the 
specific rules of scoring. The best that can be said of the scor- 
ing rules as supplied by the regular code is that they offer a most 
excellent foundation for the superstructure the scorer is left to 
build. 

The chief trouble for years has been that the scorers over the 
country have shown entirely too varied ideas of architecture in 
rearing these superstructures. Appoint two men to score the 
same game and separate them so that there can be no consulta- 
tion until play is over, then compare the finished product. It is 
entirely possible to find that one has reared a stately edifice, 
while 'the other presents a log cabin. The idea of the two men 
differed as to architecture. 

While there will always be found a case or two at times that 
admit of an honest and intelligent divergence of opinion in these 
two features that must be so largely left to individual opin- 
ion — a base hit and an error and in crediting one of the iwo 
or more pitchers with a victory or of charging one of two 
or more pitchers wath a loss — there can be no excuse for a differ- 
ence in any other feature if the rules that govern scoring are 
thoroughly known and understood. 

It is with the hope of establishing underlying principles that 
will simplify the task of discriminating between the base hit 
and the error and will aid in determining the winning and losing 
pitcher, thus minimizing the tendency to a divergence of opinion, 
that this volume has been conceived. As a further means to the 
.same end, the various features which enter into the scorer's 
work — matters of routine, they may be termed, about which there 
can be no difference of individual opinion — will be explained 
and enlarged upon. If these principles and explanations are care- 
fully absorbed and put into practice, scoring over the entire 
country should become as nearly uniform as is possible for 
human agency to accomplish — the end toward which scoring 
has vainly striven for lo ! these many years. 

It should also be self-evident that the scorer cannot faithfully 
perform his duties if he allows sentiment or partiality to in- 
fluence his work in the slightest degree. As a man, actuated by 
all the emotions upon which base ball depends so largely for its 
popularity, he must necessarily have his team preference. But 
when he occupies the scorer's seat, he must forget it. As a man 
whose daily duties very probably entail a more or less intimate 
acquaintance with each player on one or both teams, he may be 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 9 

expected to have his private likes or dislikes. But as soon as the 
game begins, he must lay them aside. He must bend neither for- 
ward, in the endeavor to favor the team with which his senti- 
ments are supposed to lie, or the player with whom he is more 
friendly, n'or must he bend backward in endeavoring to prove 
that he is affected neither by expected proclivities nor by friend- 
ship. 

He must stand straight up before God and man, faithfully 
recording results as his eyes see them, his judgment dictates and 
his conscience approves. The scorer can vastly better afford to 
suspect that he may have an incorrect eye, or bad judgment, or 
both, than a bad conscience. In the last-named alternative he 
will soon realize that he has lost both his own self-respect and 
the respect he should claim from others. A bad eye or bad judg- 
ment, with undoubted honesty of purpose, will be condoned in the 
expectation that practice will make more perfect, but the scorer 
who will give the slightest ground for suspicion that he has 
perverted the records from motives of self-interest, friendship, or 
malice — whether studiously or merely from a careless general 
desire to be known as "a good fellow," puts himself "beyond the 
pale." Let the first, middle and last word of the scorer's plat- 
form be Honesty. 

The accuracy of the scorer depends upon his attention to the 
things it is his duty to record. This may seem a simple matter 
to carry out, but even the experienced scorer finds that it is not as 
easy as it may appear. Watch closely even the least intricate 
plays and record promptly. It seems almost ridiculous to assert 
that a scorer will occasionally imagine that the centre fielder, for 
instance, has made a fly catch when the actual fact is that the left 
fielder is entitled to the put out, yet such instances are not rare. 

The scorer is even more prone, at times, to credit the second 
baseman with the shortstop's chances, or to fail to note that some 
fielder has run far from his regular station, inveigling the care- 
less scorer into recording the play as having been made by the 
fielder whom he would naturally expect to be at or near the place 
where the ball was handled. 

Again, in hurried relayed throws, or in cases of a more or less 
lengthy run-down of a base runner between bases, both concen- 
trated attention -and prompt action on the part of the scorer are 
essential. Once the play is over, unless the scorer has it either 
correctly photographed upon his brain or recorded temporarily or 
permanently, he is hopelessly at sea. His only recourse is to 
depend upon others for information — at once uncertain and 
humiliating, as an open announcement of the scorer's inefificiency. 
An excellent plan will be to jot down on the most convenient 
white surface, such plays as are complicated, at the moment each 



IL SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

fielder receives the ball, making sure that the proper player is 
recorded by keeping eyes intelligently fixed upon them, rather 
than upon the memorandum. 

The centre fielder, for instance, may relay a long hit to the 
right fielder, who in turn throws to the pitcher, who tosses to the 
catcher, putting out the runner at the plate. Having noted the 
white surface while the centre fielder is "chasing" the hit, it re- 
quires no further glance at it to jot down as each player receives 
the ball 8-9-1-2. 

Even more necessary is such a plan when an extensive run- 
down occurs between bases. As many as five or six players may 
handle the ball and the only way to reduce danger of error of 
record to a minimum, is not to rely on memory, but to keep 
both eyes fastened on the flight of the ball, while the hand jots 
down the number of each player as the ball is received by him. 
After the play is completed, duplicates may be eliminated and the 
play put in proper shape for permanent record. 

But while it is essential for the scorer to keep his eyes on the 
ball during play, there are occasions when it is as essential for 
him to observe other things. At the beginning of each half-inning 
the scorer should glance at every fielder to be sure that no 
changes in either personnel or in position have been made, or, if 
such have been made, to properly harmonize his score book. 
As each batter takes his place at the plate, the scorer should 
satisfy himself that the proper man is "up" and that no substi- 
tute batter has been introduced. While the general rules of base 
ball provide that the umpire shall announce all such changes, the 
scorer should make it his unfailing rule to depend upon himself 
first — and others not at all, or at least when possible to avoid it. 

It should hardly be necessary to speak further upon the last 
rule laid down for the guidance of scorers — that they should not 
allow themselves under any circumstances to be put in the posi- 
tion of financially benefiting by the victory or defeat of either 
team. The great pride of base ball and the great hold it has 
upon the affections of the public are due in no small measure to 
the absolute honesty of the game and of those connected with it. 
The scorer — especially the ofiicial scorer — may be approached at 
times by parties especially interested in a certain player's record, 
dependent upon the number of hits he amasses. • This approach 
may be boldly, in the nature of a bribe, or it may be in the more 
insidious form of a bet offered by a party supposed to be disin- 
terested — a bet offered with a view of losing and having the 
scorer's aid, if necessary, in making him lose. Advice to scorers 
placed in such a situation is to shun it all. No honest scorer can 
afford to be mixed up in such things. ' , 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE SCORING RULES 

The general base ball code contains the following : 

THE SCORING RULES. 

To promote uniformity in scoring cham- 

RULE 84. pionship games the following instructions 

are given and suggestions and definitions 

made for the guidance of scorers, and they are required to 

make all scores in accordance therewith. 

The Batsman's Record. 

Section i. The first item in the tabu- 

RULE 85. lated score, after the player's name and 

position, shall be the number of times he 

has been at bat during the game, but the exceptions made 

in Rule 82 must not be included. 

Sec. 2. In the second column shall be set down the runs, 
if any, made by each player. 

Sec. 3. In the third column shall be placed the first base 
hits, if any, made by each player. 

The Scoring of Base Hits. 

Sec. 4. A base hit shall be scored in the following cases : 

When the ball from the bat strikes the ground on or 
within the foul lines and out of the reach of the fielders. 

When a fair-hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by 
a fielder in motion, but such player can not recover himself 
in time to field the ball to first before the striker reaches 
that base or to force out another base runner. 

When the ball be hit with such force to an infielder or 
pitcher that he can not handle it in time to put out the 
batsman or force out a base runner. In a case of doubt 
over this class of hits, a base hit should be scored and 
the fielder exempted from the charge of an error. 

When the ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he 
cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force 
out a base runner. 

In all cases where a base runner is retired by being hit 
by a batted ball, unless batted by himself, the batsman 
should be credited with a base hit. 

When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the 
umpire, as defined in Rule 53, Section 6. 



12 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

In no case shall a base hit be scored when a base runner 
is forced out by the play. 

Sacrifice Hits. 

Sec. 5. Sacrifice hits shall be placed in the Summary. 

A sacrifice hit shall be credited to the batsman who 
when no one is out or when but one man is out, advances 
a runner a base by a bunt hit, which results in the batsman 
being put out before reaching first, or would so result if 
it were handled without error. 

A sacrifice hit shall also be credited to a batsman who, 
when no one is out or when but one man is out, hits a fly 
ball that is caught but results in a run being scored, or 
would in the judgment of the scorer so result if caught. 

Fielding Records. 

Sec. 6, The number of opponents, if any, put out by 
each player shall be set down in the fourth column. Where 
the batsman is given out by the umpire for a foul strike, or 
fails to bat in proper order, or is declared out on third 
bunt strike, the put-out shall be scored to the catcher. In 
cases of the base runner being declared "out" for interfer- 
ence, running out of line, or on an infield fly, the "out" 
should be credited to the player who would have made 
the play but for the action of the base runner or the an- 
nouncement of the umpire. 

Sec. 7. The number of times, if any, each player assists 
in putting out an opponent shall be set down in the fifth 
column. An assist should be given to each player who 
handles the ball in aiding in a run-out or any other play of 
the kind, even though he complete the play by making the 
put-out. 

An assist should be given to a player who makes a play 
in time to put a runner out, even if the player who could 
complete the play fail, through no fault of the assisting 
player. 

And generally an assist should be given to each player 
who handles or assists in any manner in handling the 
ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the 
player who makes the put-out, or in case of a thrown 
ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly, and 
in such a way that a put-out results, or would result if 
no error were made by a team-mate. 

Assists should be credited to every player who handles 
the ball in the play which results in a base runner being 
called "out" for interference or for running out of line. 

A double play shall mean any two continuous put-outs 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 

that take place between the time the ball leaves the pitcher's 
hands until it is returned to him again standing in the 
pitcher's box. 

Errors. 

Sec. 8. An error shall be given in the sixth column 
for each misplay which prolongs the time at bat of the 
batsman or allows a base runner to make one or more 
bases when perfect play would have insured his being put 
out. But a base on balls, a base awarded to a batsman by 
being struck by a pitched ball, a balk, a passed ball or wild 
pitch shall not be included in the sixth column. 

An error shall not be charged against the catcher for a 
wild throw in an attempt to prevent a stolen base, unless 
the base runner advance an extra base because of the error. 

An error shall not be scored against the catcher or an 
infielder who attempts to complete a double play, unless 
the throw be so wild that an additional base be gained. 

In case a base runner advance a base through the failure 
of a baseman to stop or try to stop a ball accurately thrown 
to his base the latter shall be charged with an error and 
not the player who made such throw, provided there was 
occasion for it. If such throw be made to second base the 
scorer shall determine whether the second baseman or 
shortstop shall be charged with an error. 

In event of a fielder dropping a fly but recovering the 
ball in time to force a runner at another base, he shall be 
exempted from an error, the play being scored as a "force- 
out." 

Stolen Bases. 

Sec. 9. A stolen base shall be credited to the base run- 
ner whenever he advances a base unaided by a base hit, a 
put-out, a fielding or a battery error, subject to the follow- 
ing exceptions : 

In event of a double or triple steal being attempted, 
where either runner is thrown out, the other or others 
shall not be credited with a stolen base. 

In event of a base runner being touched out after sliding 
over a base, he shall not be regarded as having stolen the 
base in question. 

In event of a base runner making his start to steal a base 
prior to a battery error, he shall be credited with a stolen 
base. 

In event of a palpable muff of a ball thrown by the 
catcher, when the base runner is clearly blocked, the 
infielder making the muff shall be charged with an error 
and the base runner shall not be credited with a stolen base. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Definition of Wild Pitch and Passed Bali. 

Sec. 10. A wild pitch is a legally delivered ball, so high, 
low or wide of the plate that the catcher cannot or does 
not stop and control it with ordinary effort, and as a result 
the batsman, who becomes a base runner on such pitched 
ball, reaches first base or a base runner advances. 

A passed ball is a legally delivered ball that the catcher 
should hold or control with ordinary effort, but his failure 
to do so enables the batsman, who becomes a base runner 
on such pitched ball, to reach first base or a base runner 
to advance. 

The Summary. 

The Summary shall contain: 
RULE 86. Section i. The score made in each in- 

ning of the game and the total runs of each 
side in the game. 

Sec. 2, The number of stolen bases, if any, by each 
player. 

Sec. 3. The number of sacrifice hits, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 4. The number of sacrifice flies, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 5. The number of two-base hits, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 6. The number of three-base hits, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 7. The number of home runs, if any, made by each 
player. 

Sec. 8. The number of double and triple plays, if any, 
made by each club and the players participating; in same. 

Sec. 9. The number of innings each pitcher" pitched in. 

Sec. 10. The number of base hits, if any, made off each 
pitcher and the number legal at bats scored against each 
pitcher. 

Sec. II. The number of times, if any, the pitcher strikes 
out the opposing batsmen. 

Sec. 12. The number of times, if any, the pitcher gives 
bases on balls. 

Sec. 13. The number of wild pitches, if any, charged 
against the pitcher. 

Sec. 14. The number of times, if any, the pitcher hits a 
batsman with a pitched ball, the name or names of the 
batsman or batsmen so hit to be given. 

Sec. 15. The number of passed balls by each catcher. 

Sec. 16. The time of the game. 

Sec. 17. The name of the umpire or umpires. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 16 



BASE-HIT vs. ERROR 

Perhaps the most intricate thing the scorer will be required 
to do is to determine whether, when the batsman hits a fair ball, 
he should be credited with a base-hit or the fielder who fails to 
put out the batsman should be charged with an error. Certain 
it is that this feature of scoring calls for all the intelligent judg- 
ment, the experience and the impartiality the scorer can bring to 
bear, for this is the question of all scoring. 

Let what has already been said in this connection be reiterated, 
for it cannot be held in too great importance : Know no man, no 
team. Judge the facts at your disposal and, having decided con- 
scientiously, stick to that decision though the heavens fall. Only 
one base ball criminal can be put in the same category with the 
umpire who allows himself either to be bullied or wheedled into 
changing a decision once given — the scorer who follows the ex- 
am.ple. 

There may come times when the scorer later half or perhaps 
wholly believes that he is wrong, but the knowledge that what he 
has done is irrevocable will lead the conscientious scorer to a 
greater determination to be right in the first place. If he ever 
allows himself to feel that a wrong can be undone by a stroke of 
the pen, he will insensibly allow himself to make his original 
entries carelessly and, more than likely, get in the habit ultimately 
of depending upon a revision dictated by the players or club 
officials most interested. 

What is the proper distinction between the base-hit and the 
error? Generally speaking, the base-hit is the result of the 
batsman, either voluntarily or involuntarily, hitting the ball to 
such portion of fair territory that it cannot be caught on the fly 
and he is enabled to reach first base before the ball is fielded 
there or before any runner already on a base when the ball is hit, 
can be forced out at an advanced base. 

As generally speaking, an error is made when the batsman is 
allowed to reach first base, or a runner already on a base when the 
ball was hit is allowed to reach an advanced base by reason of a 
mechanical failure on the part of any fielder who might reasonably 
have been expected to make or assist in making an out on the 
ball hit by the batsman. 

There are other base-hits and other errors, but of them a later 
discussion will be in order. For the present only base-hits and 



16 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

errors arising from the batsman hitting the ball will be con- 
sidered. 

In endeavoring to fairly and intelligently discriminate between 
the base-hit and the error, never for an instant be influenced by 
that favorite fallacy of the ignorant, that if a fielder "gets his 
hands on" the ball, he should be given an error and the batter 
deprived of a base-hit he may have reasonably earned. No 
greater mistake could be made than in allov^^ing this false doctrine 
to influence results. Watch the ball from the moment it leaves 
the bat and be governed by common sense, impartially applied. 

If the ball proceeds along the ground in fair territory and re- 
mains fair under the rules, with no fielder getting near enough 
to it to handle it before the batsman reaches first, no question 
arises that it is a safe hit. So far, so good; but suppose the ball 
travels so close to some infielder that he makes a dive for it, 
reaching it with his hand, but only with the result of slowing or 
stopping the progress of the ball, without allowing even the 
chance of a throw to make the put-out. Credit the batsman with 
a base hit. 

The reason for this line of action is plain. All concerned in 
base ball should aid in every legitimate way the tendency to 
brilliant fielding. The moment a fielder becomes convinced that 
the scorer in whose keeping his record lies is adding permanent 
handicap to brilliant play, just so soon will he decline to take 
chances other than those he believes he is sure of handling. He 
will look after the hit driven directly in his way, but he will 
make no effort to accomplish the near-impossible. The effect of 
any such determination upon the part of the fielder on the game 
will be immediately apparent. The phenomenal bits of fielding 
that set the blood of spectators tingling, become dead letters and 
the final issue of many a game will either be reversed or so 
warped -as to make it unrecognizable from the result obtained 
from fielding unhampered by such scoring injustice. 

The same rule applies to outfielders to whom flies are sent. If 
an outfielder drops a ball for which he has had ample time to 
"set himself," charge him with an error. But if he has had a long 
run and has barely managed to reach the ball, even should he get 
it wholly within his hands and yet drop it, give the batter credit 
for a base-hit. 

But the application of common sense principles should not be 
limited to balls hit just out of easy fielding distance of in or out- 
fielders. The ball may travel at a moderate rate of speed directly 
at an infielder planted to receive it, when it may suddenly strike 
a pebble or som.e inequality of the turf and be deflected so that no 
human eye nor pair of hands could make the requisite changes 
quickly enough to insure perfect handling. Give the batsman a 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 

base-hit. It is a "lucky" hit, but there is no reason why he should 
be deprived of 'the advantage or the fielder penalized for an 
incident beyond human control. 

Another, variety of doubtful hits that often cause scorers 
trouble, is the slow hit ball, resulting from either the bunt or the 
scratch. Until a few years ago, when defensive work against the 
bunt reached such a degree of excellence as to cause a decided 
shrinkage in the number of bunts attempted, good scorers of the 
liberal school rightly made practically every bunt a base-hit when 
the batter reached first, despite fumbles or bad throws. They 
took this course because the bunt and the scratch are the kind of 
hits that invariably call for more than the ordinary fielding skill. 
That the same scorers are less liberal in allowing base-hits at the 
present time on exactly the same kind of chances is not because they 
are any less hard to handle now than then, but rather because long 
study and practice of the defensive have caused a higher standard 
to be reasonably expected on the part of the fielders. It can still 
be laid down as a general rule, however, that the fielder is 
entitled to a greater leniency on bunts and on slow scratches than 
on almost any other kind of quasi-hit. It is safe to credit the 
batsman with a base-hit on every bunt or scratch on which he 
reaches first base and an advanced runner is not put out (except 
a palpable fielder's choice) even though a fumble or a poor throw 
is made by the fielder handling the ball, unless the ball is rolled 
directly at the fielder in such a way as to make a failure to 
handle it palpably poor play upon the part of the fielder. 

Take into consideration the speed with which the fielder must 
recognize the character of the chance and must advance to meet 
the ball, and the necessity on his part for exceptionally speedy 
mechanical work with a ball that is likely spinning, twisting and 
jumping in all sorts of inconceivable ways and the reason for 
taking the liberal stand advised becomes apparent. 

Scorers should adopt this general rule in distinguishing between 
all base-hits and errors : When a fair batted ball might reason- 
ably be expected to result in an out and does not so result because 
of imperfect play, charge the fielder to whom the imperfect han- 
dling can be attributed with an error. But should a fair ball be hit 
in such a way as to cause manifestly phenomenal work necessary 
on the part of the fielder in order to make or assist in making 
an out, even though he may touch the ball or make a poor throw, 
give the batsman a base-hit. 

As important as the foregoing is the advice to scorers to give 
the batsman the benefit of any legitimate doubt arising. Score 
him a base-hit in preference to charging the fielder an error. 

The fielder should not be penalized for not doing what he 
should not justly be expected to do. If he knows that he will be, 



18 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

he will soon learn to not even make the try that will place his 
record — his chief stock in trade — in jeopardy. Free of fear of 
unjust penalty in case he 'tries and does not succeed, he will take 
every chance to make phenomenal play, amply repaid when he 
manages to pull it off successfully, by the plaudits of the spec- 
tators. 

But there are other base-hits and other errors besides those 
originating as heretofore described. If, tor instance, a batted 
fair ball hits any base runner, the ball becomes dead, the base 
runner is automatically declared out and the batter is entitled to 
first base unless the runner hit makes the third out. And the bats- 
man IS always entitled to a technical base-hit unless he is hit by 
his own batted ball. So also, if the batted ball hits the person 
or clothing of an umpire upon fair ground, the batter is allowed 
to take first base and is also credited with a base-hit. 

In the matter of errors, up to this point only such as might 
arise from batted balls have been considered. It must be remem- 
bered that the scorer's duty is to account for every base each 
player of the side at bat advances and there are only two ways of 
accounting — by a credit for successful aggressive work or by 
charge for unsuccessful defensive work. 

But not alone do errors arise from the failure of in or out- 
fielders to catch batted flies or to stop perfectly rolling ground 
hits. In fielding ground balls it is generally necessary for in- 
fielders and sometimes for outfielders to complete their work by 
making a perfect throw and for the receiving fielder to make a 
perfect catch. Should a base be gained by a batter or by a base 
runner because of failure to throw 'perfectly, or failure to catch 
the throw perfectly, charge an error against the player at fault. 
Great care should be taken in detecting which of two or more 
fielders engaged in a play of this kind is at fault. Nothing is so 
aggravating to a fielder as the knowledge that he has been 
saddled with another player's sins. 

If an infielder stops and grasps a batted ball perfectly and has 
a reasonable amount of time in which to make his throw to 
catch a runner, but throws too low, or too high, or so far to 
either side as to cause the receiving fielder to miss the play, 
charge the player who threw the ball an error. If, however, the 
throw is considered sufficiently perfect for the receiving fielder 
to have handled the ball in such a way as to have made the out, 
charge the player to whom the ball is thrown an error. 

Eternal vigilance is necessary on the part of the scorer if he 
is to determine accurately which fielder is to blame. He must be 
sure that he has made no mistake and he cannot be sure unless 
he has every move of the play indelibly photographed upon his 
mind. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 

Outfielders are more exempt from errors of this sort than the 
inner ranks, but it is not unsual for them to come under the ban. 
It frequently happens that an outfielder, after making a fly catch 
or stopping a ground ball, is required to throw to the plate, or 
to one of the bases in order to prevent a runner or runners from 
advancing farther than could be legitimately expected. 

In this connection it may be remarked that a runner is fre- 
quently expected to advance a base on "the throw-in" — a fact 
which scorers should recognize in order not to confuse the base 
so acquired with the base-hit or the error. Let us suppose, for 
instance, that with a runner on second, the batter makes a clean 
hit to an outfielder. Should the outfielder throw to the plate to 
prevent the runner on second from proceeding farther than third, 
it is likely that the batsman will continue to second base. The 
scorer must not confuse this state of affairs with a two-base 
hit. The batsman is probably entitled to a single only and he is 
considered as having reached second "on the throw-in." 

Returning to the liability of the outfielder to error under such 
conditions, should his throw be stopped and held by the catcher, 
or by any other fielder to whom the throw has been made, well 
and good. But should the throw bound over the receiving 
fielder's head or prove too wide or too imperfect frorn any stand- 
point for the receiving fielder to be reasonably supposed to stop 
the ball, allowing any of the runners on bases to take one or more 
additional bases, the outfielder must be charged with an error. In- 
deed, the tendency is to give the receiving fielder the benefit of 
any doubt that may be felt, for the reason possibly that there is 
vastly more occasion for the infielders, catcher and pitcher to 
make errors than for any outfielder and that when the oppor- 
tunity presents, the inner ranks should receive the leniency. 

The general rule may be followed that one 'base may be allowed 
a runner on a throw-in if the indications are that he has advanced 
with the idea of utilizing the chance offered by the throw-in, but 
any extra base should be charged as an error against the out- 
fielder unless the receiver of the throw-in was palpably at fault. 

A type of error that has been giving the inexperienced scorer 
trouble of late years is that charged against the catcher or other 
fielder who perchance drops a foul fly he might reasonably be 
supposed to have caught. If the foul was dropped after a hard 
run, or there is any doubt about the reasonableness of expecting 
the catch, disregard the incident. It is not an error then or at 
any time thereafter. If the ball should have been caught, recog- 
nize the fact that the catcher or other player who failed to make 
the catch must be charged with an error at once. 

The reason for the too widespread misunderstanding on the 
subject is found in the fact that until 1904 no error was charged 



20 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

under such conditions unless the batsman eventually reached first 
base. But beginning with the year mentioned, whether the bats- 
man reached first or did not, has had nothing to do with charging 
the error. Remember then, that any foul fly that should be 
caught and is not, compels an error charged against the offending 
fielder. The rule previous to 1904 read as follows : 

An error shall be given * * * for each misplay which 
allows a striker or base runner to make one or more 
bases when perfect play would have insured his being put 
out, etc. 

With such instructions, it can readily be seen that no error 
could be charged for a dropped foul unless the batter eventually 
reached first base, for had he not reached first base, the original 
failure to put him out cost nothing, while the fact that he did 
reach first base eventually was alone considered a palpable some- 
thing due to the further opportunity allowed by the failure to 
make the out offered by the foul fly. 

But in 1904 the rule was changed to read as follows : 

An error shall be given * * * for each misplay which 
prolongs the time at bat of the batsman or allows a 
base runner to make one or more bases when perfect play 
would have insured his being put out. 

Note the difference made by the words "prolongs the time at 
bat of the batsman." Failure to catch a foul fly that should be 
caught, undoubtedly "prolongs the time of the batsman at bat" 
and the error follows instanter. 

As important is the knowledge when not to charge errors. The 
wild pitch and the passed ball are not classed with the ordinary 
error. They are errors none the less, as are also the base on 
balls, the hit-by-pitcher and the balk, but all of these are regarded 
as "battery errors" and have no place with the ordinary fielding 
error. They each have a place of their own, which will be dis- 
cussed elsewhere. 

Neither are errors of omission taken into cognizance except in 
certain specific instances. The error charged in black and white 
is supposed to indicate only a mechanical failure of palpable at- 
tempts that should have been successful. The most familiar type 
of errors of omission is found in the misjudgment of flies by out- 
fielders, occasionally by infielders also and the misunderstandings 
arising. over who shall take a fly ball among in or outfielders, 
resulting in the ball dropping uncaught between the fielders in- 
volved. In all such cases it is customary to give the batsman a 
base-hit — for as many bases as he safely makes on that particular 
hit. The same rule applies on infield hits — usually bunts or 
scratches — when two or more infielders get mixed as to which 
shall field the ball, with the result that it is not fielded at all or, 
if fielded, it is found that no fielder is at first base to whom the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 

ball may be thrown to make the out. In all such cases also, 
credit the batsman with a base-hit. 

The exception that recognizes an error of omission and pro- 
vides the penalty of an error, is in the case of a fielder throwing 
to base in perfect form, but the advance of a base runner is not 
checked because of failure of the proper fielder to cover his 
position — provided there was occasion to make the throw. In 
such cases the error is charged against the fielder who should 
have been in position to receive the throw and was not. In 
case the throw is directed toward second base, it is the scorer's 
duty to determine whether the shortstop or the second baseman 
should have been on hand to receive the ball and the error shall 
be charged against the one of the two he decrees. 

No error shall be charged against the catcher who fails to pre- 
vent a runner from stealing any base, even though the throw may 
not prove perfect, unless the runner is enabled by reason of the 
poor throw to advance beyond the base he stole. The reason for 
this prohibition is that all such throws are made with great 
rapidity, allowing practically no time for steadying the eye or the 
hand. If the catchers were to fear the additional handicap of an 
error charged for every failure to make an absolutely perfect 
throw, they would soon cease to take many a chance which now 
results in their favor. 

The same reason may be advanced for the prohibition against 
charging an error to the account of a fielder who fails to com- 
plete a double play by reason of an imperfect throw, unless an 
additional base or more is the result of the throw. Plays of this 
kind must necessarily be attempted with great rapidity, which 
offers sufficient handicap. 

Just one other prohibition must be taken into consideration. 
A fielder — in or out — may drop a fly ball, or an infielder may 
fumble a ground ball in such a manner as to compel the charge of 
an error were that play alone to be taken into consideration. But 
if circumstances admit of the offender's recovery of the ball in 
time to force out or assist in the force out of some other runner, 
no error shall be charged for the original offense. 

The scorer must recognize that it is possible for both a safe 
hit and an error to result on the same play. The batter may reach 
first on a hit that should be credited to him as a safe hit, but the 
infielder who handles the ball may elect to take a forlorn hope and 
throw in the endeavor to put him out. Should the throw go wild, 
allowing the runner to advance one or more additional bases, a 
safe hit and an error is the proper scoring method. The hit may 
go to the outfield and the outfielder handling the ball may fumble, 
he may let the ball "go through him," or may make a bad 
throw-in. Credit a safe hit to the batsman for as many bases a$ 



22 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

he would have made on the hit had it been handled perfectly and 
charge the offending outfielder an error for the additional bases 
the batsman gains. 

The only other thing necessary to call to the scorer's attention in 
this connection is the proper differentiation between the throw-in 
as directed at the batter and as directed at a runner farther ad- 
vanced, in determining the length of the batsman's safe hit. The 
batsman hits to the outfield and reaches first base, going on to 
second because the outfielder throws the ball to the plate, or to 
third in the effort to put out an advanced runner. The batter is 
entitled in such instances to a single only, taking second on the 
throw-in. If, however, he continues to second despite the 
throw-in of the outfielder to second in the vain endeavor to 
head him off, or before the outfielder could get the ball there 
should he elect to throw elsewhere, credit the batsman with a 
two-base hit. If he reaches third before the ball could be returned 
to head him off there, the credit must be for a three-base hit, etc. 

If the batsman should be fielded out at some advanced base he 
is endeavoring to make on his hit, care should be taken to give 
him credit for the full number of bases he made safely on his 
hit. For instance, if he gets put out at second endeavoring to 
stretch a single into a double, he must be credited with a single. 
If he reaches second but gets put out trying to make third, give 
him credit for a double, etc. The play at the base should be care- 
fully watched, for crediting base-hits differs in this feature from 
crediting stolen bases. If the runner reaches the bag before being 
touched and is put out on the far side of the bag through failure 
to "anchor," he should get full credit for the number of that base 
and not for the number of the base behind, as is the case when 
he is put out before he touches the advanced base. 

One modification of this rule must be remembered, however. 
Should a tie game be brought to a close by a hit, that hit can be 
no longer, technically, than is needed to score the winning run. 
For instance : Suppose the score is 3 to 3 in the last half of the 
last inning, with a runner on third base. The batter may hit the 
ball over the fence for what under ordinary circumstances would 
have been a home run. The scorer, however, can credit him with 
only a single, for a single is all that is necessary to score the runner 
with the run that wins from third base. The game ends the moment 
that runner crosses the plate and the batter is technically "left" on 
first base. Had the winning runner been on second base when the 
hit was made, the batsman would have received credit for a two- 
bagger. With the runner on first, a three-bagger is credited to 
the batsman. Only in case no runner precedes him and he is 
compelled to make the circuit himself to score the winning run 
can the batsman get credit for a home run. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 

The principles laid down in the foregoing may be briefly 
summed up as follows : 

CONCERNING BASE HITS. 

Credit a base-hit to the batsman in every case when the fielder 
cannot from any cause be reasonably expected to field the fair 
batted ball in such a manner as to put out the batter or to force 
out a preceding runner. 

The size of the base-hit credited should be the number of the 
bag last touched by the runner before being put out, except when 
the hit drives in the run that ends the game, in which case the 
size of the hit should be the number of bases gained by the runner 
scoring the winning run. 

Credit a base-hit to the batsman whose fair batted ball hits 
either a previous base runner or an umpire. 

Credit a batter a base-hit when a fielder cr fielders fail to make 
. ' expected put-out on a fair batted ball because of mental mis- 
judgment instead of mechanical. 

Do not credit a base-hit on any fair batted ball upon which the 
batsman reaches first base if a previous runner has been forced 
out by the hit. 

CONCERNING ERRORS. 

Charge the fielder an error who does not make a put out he 
should reasonably be expected to have made, whether his failure 
is due to not handling perfectly the fair batted ball or, after 
handling properly, he does not make a proper throw. 

Charge the fielder an error who fails to perfectly receive a 
throw that he might reasonably be supposed to have taken and 
which, had he taken, would have resulted in a put-out. 

Charge the fielder an error who, either by failure to perfectly 
throw or to receive any perfectly thrown ball, allows one or more 
runners to gain one or more bases. 

Charge the catcher or other fielder an error immediately upon 
his failure to catch and hold any foul fly he might reasonably have 
been expected to catch and to hold. 

Do not charge the player an error who makes a perfect throw 
to a base for the purpose of heading off an advancing runner, if 
no one is at the base to receive the throw. Charge the error 
"Against the fielder whose duty it was to be in position to receive 
the throw. In case the throw is to second base, the scorer must 
determine whether to penalize the shortstop or the second base- 
man. 

Do not charge an error against the pitcher who makes a wild 
pitch, gives a base on balls, makes a balk or hits an opposing 
batsman or against the catcher who has a passed ball. These are 



34 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

battery errors and each has its definite, specified place in the tabu- 
lated score. 

Do not charge an error against a catcher for making a poor 
throw to a base in the endeavor to prevent a base runner from 
stealing, unless the base runner is enabled by reason of the poor 
throw to advance one or more additional bases. 

Do not charge an error against any fielder who, by reason of 
an imperfect throw fails to complete a double play, unless one or 
more runners are enabled by reason of that imperfect throw, to 
advance one or more additional bases. 

Do not charge an error against a fielder, even though imperfect 
handling of the ball allows the batsman to reach first safely, if the 
fielder forces out or assists in forcing out a runner farther ad- 
vanced. 

PROBLEMS. 
(Answers to these problems will be found in the appendix.) 

(i) Fly to left, with first and third occupied. Runner starts with 
catch. Left fielder throws to short, who relays home. Throw strikes 
ground four feet in front of and three feet to left of plate, bounding over 
catcher's head. Runner would probably have scored in any event, but 
runner from first goes on to third. 

(2) With runner on first, batsman bunts, beating throw to first. 

(3) Runner on first. Batter bunts and is thrown out at first by third 
baseman. Runner on first has advanced to second and, noting that third 
base is uncovered, keeps on to third. Third baseman and shortstop both 
endeavor to reach perfect throw to base made by first baseman, but both 
fail. Had throw been taken, runner would probably have been put out. 

(4) Line drive passes over infielder's head, so that by jumping he man- 
ages to take off some of the ball's speed with the tips of his fingers. 
Batter reaches first. 

(5) Ground ball batted directly at infielder, who allows it to pass between 
his feet without touching it, as he fails to stoop low enough. 

(6) Batter hits line drive to outfielder, who misjudges at first, but man- 
ages by hard run, to get close enough to reach out with gloved hand. 
Ball hits squarely, but drops. 

(7) Batter bunts with runner on first. Catcher fields ball and made 
motion to throw to second. Does not do so, as he believes runner has 
beaten any throw that could be made. Catcher turns to throw to first, but 
for no apparent reason does not, though throw would probably have beaten 
batsman. All hands are safe. 

(8) Batsman makes clean hit to centre, but is put out at second base by 
centre fielder's throw to second baseman. 

(9) Ball thrown by infielder hits ground in front of first baseman and 
bounds perfectly, but first baseman fails to stop it. 

(10) Batsman hits high fly in front of plate. Catcher misjudges and 
ball drops about four feet in front of him, batter reaching first safely. 

(11) Very hard hit ball strikes shins of first baseman and bounds away, 
batter reaching first safely. 

(12) Batsman lays bunt along first base line. Pitcher and catcher collide 
in trying to field and batsman reaches first safely. 

(13) Moderately swift ball batted a little to right of shortstop, who 
makes no effort to stop ball. Could have been fielded, api)arently, had the 
effort been made. 

(14) Pop fly to second baseman results in collision between shortstop 
and second baseman, causing second baseman to drop ball after having it in 
his hands, * 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 

(15) In a run-down between second and third, runner is apparently about 
to be touched out when fielder holding ball drops it. 

(16) Foul fly hit to catcher, who, though "set" to take the ball, lets it 
fall through his hands. Batter strikes out on next delivery. 

(17) Batsman reaches second base on the fourth ball, which is a wild 
pitck. 

(18) Scratch hit rolls slowly between pitcher and second baseman. 
Second baseman runs in and endeavors to scoop up ball with one hand, but 
only succeeds in fumbling. Batsman reaches first safely. 

(19) Batted ball hit directly at shortstop takes unexpected bound to left, 
just as shortstop is about to grasp it. Ball is merely knocked down and 
batsman reaches first safely. 

(20) Long fly to outfielder causes outfielder to reach ball with one hand 
after hard run, but he fails to hold it. 

(21) Fair batted ball is hit so sharply to right field that right fielder is 
enabled to throw to shortstop to force runner who had been on first, bats- 
man reaching first base safely. 

(22) Fly to left fielder is dropped, but left fielder recovers ball in time to 
throw to third baseman, forcing runner coming up from second. 

(23) Fly to outfielder goes clear over outfielder's head, though he could 
easily have got under ball had he not stood still. 

(24) Score tied last half of ninth, runner on second base. Batsman 
makes clean drive into fair bleachers and completes circuit. What is length 
of his bit? 

(25) Batted ball hits person of runner between second and third, making 
third out. 

(26) Umpire is hit on foot by batted ball before it touches any fielder. 
Shortstop picks up ball and retires batsman at first. 

(27) Fumble by short allowing batsman to reach first base. Runner on 
second advances to third and is caught by shortstop's throw to third base- 
man, (a) Before he reaches base, (b) After over-running base. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



SACRIFICE HITS AND FLIES 

The amateur scorer frequently has difficulty in determining 
what is and what is not a sacrifice hit or a sacrifice fly. But such 
difficulty can only arise from his insufficient knowledge or under- 
standing of the underlying principles. The chief thing to be 
remembered is that nothing but a bunt that advances a runner 
already on a base can possibly be a sacrifice hit, though all bunts 
are not necessarily sacrifice hits. And only a fly ball caught, or 
that should have been caught and was not caught because of 
error upon the part of the fielder, upon which fly-out or error a 
runner scores from third base, can be a sacrifice fly. 

The code definition of a sacrifice hit limits it to a bunt, made 
when no one is out or when one is out and which advances a 
runner a base even though the batsman himself is put oat at 
first base, or would be put out if the ball were handled with- 
out error. 

The code definition of a sacrifice fly limits it to a fly, made 
when no one is out or when one is out and which, if caught, 
results in a run being scored or, in case of an error, would, in 
the judgment of the scorer, have so resulted had the ball been 
caught. 

The amateur scorer often seeks incorrectly to give a batter 
credit for a sacrifice hit whenever he hits the ball in any fashion — 
bunt, full-swing or scratch — and is retired at first but advances 
a runner. Unconsciously, perhaps, he is reverting to the rules of 
two decades ago. In 1890 the sacrifice was first defined as any 
"ground hit or fly which, when but one man was out, advanced a 
runner a base, though it resulted in putting out the batsman, or 
would have so resulted if handled without error." 

This held until 1894, when the kind of hit entitling the bats- 
man to credit for a sacrifice was limited to a bunt. Then, too, for 
the first time, was the batsman relieved of the charge of a time at 
bat when he made a sacrifice hit. The regulations devised then 
have come down practically unchanged to the present day, with 
the addition, in 1908, of the sacrifice fly. 

The main thing, therefore, for the scorer to remember is that 
the sacrifice hit must be a bunt and that it must advance a run- 
ner without the aid of an error. The batter may or may not be 
retired at first base — that makes not a particle of difl^erence ex- 
cept from the standpoint of whether the batter may not be 
rightly entitled to a safe hit instead of a sacrifice. But no scratch 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 

hit, nor any hit resulting from a full swing from the shoulder, 
can be credited as a sacrifice hit, no matter how may runners 
may be advanced. 

The point lies in the deliberate, plainly apparent effort of the 
batsman to bunt. The reason for this is that only in the bunt 
does a batter possibly invite a put-out of himself. In all cases 
where he swings hard at the ball, he is evidently trying to hit the 
ball out and if he fails, he has no right to claim the exemption 
of a time at bat, fixed as the reward of the batter who is willing 
to sacrifice his own batting record for the sake of aiding in scor- 
ing a run. 

Some scorers also have the mistaken idea that no sacrifice hit 
or fly can be credited unless the batsman is actually put out. A 
little reflection shows the fallacy of the idea, not even taking into 
consideration the positive command contained in the rules. Why 
penalize the batsman who has done well his part, because of the 
error of his opponents? 

The discrimination is necessary, however, at the advancing 
runner's end. If that runner would have been put out at the ad- 
vanced base but for the error of the opposing fielder, the batsman 
should not be credited with a sacrifice hit, for he has not fairly 
earned it. Remember that the law directs that the sacrifice is 
earned only when the bunt advances a previous runner and that 
the words : "or would so result if it were handled without error" 
refers to the batsman reaching first base only and not to the run- 
ner reaching his advanced base. 

Scorers must be thoroughly conversant with these fine dis- 
tinctions and carefully watch every play that savors of the sacri- 
fice. For players who fail to get credit in the score for sacrifice 
hits made, or who are charged a time at bat upon a sacrifice hit 
or fly, are apt to show some annoyance. 

PROBLEMS 

(28) On hit-and-run signal batsman bunts, advancing runner from first 
to second and beating throw to catch him at first. 

(29) (a) Runners on third and first when batsman hits long fly to right 
fielder, who makes fly catch. Runner holds third until catch is made, then 
scores, (b) In similar case, right fielder allows ball to drop through his 
hands. 

(30) Runners on second and first when batsman bunts to pitcher. 
Throw to third baseman retires runner advancing from second to third, 
but runner advances from first to second and batsman is safe at first. 

(31) On hit-and-run signal batsman hits ball hard to third baseman and 
is thrown out at first, runner who had been on first advancing to second. 

(32) Runner on second when batsman bunts toward third base. Pitcher 
fields ball and turns to throw to third, but determines that it is too late to 
catch runner coming up from second. Turning to throw to first, he finds 
that it is too late then to catch batsman. 

(33) With runner on second batsman hits fly to right field. Runner 
advances legally to third on the fly-out. 



2g SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBBABY. 

(34) Runner on third, batter hits fly to centre field. Runner is thrown 
out at plate trying to score. 

(35) Runner on third and, on squeeze-play signal, batsman bunts to 
pitcher and is thrown out at first, runner scoring. 

(36) (a) Runner on first when batsman bunts to pitcher. Pitcher throws 
to shortstop, which forces runner at second. (b) Shortstop drops throw 
and runner is safe. 

(sy) Runners on first and second when batsman bunts to first baseman. 
First baseman deems it too late to catch either runner and batsman has 
crossed the bag before his throw reaches second baseman, who has covered 
first. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



FIELDER'S CHOICE AND FORCE HIT 

To most amateur scorers the Fielder's Choice is a vague some- 
thing, the mysteries of which they are unable to fathom, while 
the Force Hit is often confused with the Force. Neither feature 
should present great difficulties. 

The Fielder's Choice is only vague because it is a sort of un- 
written feature of scoring. Indeed, it may rightly be classed as 
the nearest thing to nonentity included in the general scheme of 
scoring. The scorer should aim to correctly gauge the meaning 
of the term — that done, its application will be a very simple 
proposition. 

A Fielder's Choice is any occasion upon which a fielder has the 
choice of two or more plays, either of which should afford a 
reasonable chance of putting an opponent out. Whether the put- 
out the fielder elects to make actually results or not, has no effect 
upon the character of the play. It remains a Fielder's Choice. 
In practical scoring a Fielder's Choice is entirely disregarded as 
a matter of record, except when it becomes necessary to indicate, 
how a batter reached first base unaided by a base-hit, a force, an 
error or a pass. 

The Fielder's Choice almost invariably arises from the laudable 
desire on the part of the fielder to put out a runner farther ad- 
vanced on the base circuit, even though that chance is recognized 
as more difficult than the natural one of retiring the batter at 
first base. 

The Fielder's Choice and the Force Hit are closely allied be- 
cause a Force Hit is always a Fielder's Choice. In other words, 
where a Fielder's Choice is successful, a Force Hit results and 
the batter is recorded as having reached first on the Force Hit. 
When the Fielder's Choice fails, there is necessarily no put-out 
and the batter must be designated as having reached first on the 
Fielder's Choice. 

The difference between the Force Hit and the Force, should be 
clearly understood. The Force Hit embraces all cases where the 
attempt of a batsman results in the put-out of a base runner on 
any base at the time the batsman hit the ball. The Force is 
limited to such put-outs as result from the enforced attempt of a 
base runner to advance. 

To illustrate : A runner may be on second base when the bats- 
man hits to the shortstop. A shortstop may have an easy chance 



80 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 

to retire the batsman by the throw to first, but he elects rather 
the chance to retire the runner who had been on second and is 
now trying to either reach third or to regain second in safety. 
The act of the shortstop is a Fielder's Choice. Should his en- 
deavor to put out the runner who was on second prove success- 
ful, the batsman is recorded as reaching first on a Force Hit. 
Should the shortstop's effort prove unsuccessful, the batsman is 
recorded as having reached first on a Fielder's Choice. 

The scorer should be alert in such cases to note whether the 
batter would surely have been out, with perfect play, had the 
effort been directed at him. If it is evident that he would have 
reached first before the ball, or if even reasonable doubt exists, 
the play ceases to be a Fielder's Choice and, if the runner who 
had been on second advances or remains safe on second with 
perfect play directed at him, the batsman must be credited with a 
safe hit. 

Again, let us suppose the runner is on first base when the bats- 
man hits to the shortstop. The shortstop, disregarding the ap- 
parently easy play on the batsman, elects to throw to the second 
baseman to put out the runner going down from first. This also 
is a Fielder's Choice and it is a Force Hit if successful. But it 
is even more — a Force, because the runner who had been on first 
was compelled to make the attempt to reach second base. If the 
runner is fortunate enough to reach second, even despite perfect 
play, the batsman is regarded as having reached first on the 
Fielder's Choice, provided, of course, it is evident that he would 
have been put out at first had the play been directed at him. 

The Fielder's Choice and the Force Hit may arise from any 
kind of effort made by the batsman — a hard swing, a bunt, a 
scratch, or even a fly. The manner in which the batsman en- 
deavors to hit the ball has nothing to do with the case. The one 
principle upon which the Fielder's Choice centers is the election, 
or choice of the fielder to endeavor to put out a runner farther 
advanced, when it is apparent that the easier chance would have 
been to put out the batsman at first base. 

Nor has the Fielder's Choice any bearing whatever upon 
whether the batsman shall be charged with a time at bat. He 
may, or may not be, governed entirely by the ordinary rules that 
apply to that feature. 

The scorer must also bear in mind that a Force can only 
originate from a fair batted ball not caught on the fly. Nothing 
but such fair batted ball and all bases behind occupied can com- 
pel or force a runner to relinquish his hold upon a base. If a 
runner on a base behind advances under any other circumstances, 
either through ignorance or carelessness, the runner occupying 
the advanced base is not compelled to vacate that base. In case 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 

two runners endeavor to occupy the same base at the same time, 
the one farther advanced is the one legally entitled to the base. 

PROBLEMS. 

(38) Battef hits sharply to second baseman, who is "playing in," as 
runner is on third base. Second baseman has easy chance to retire bats- 
man, but throws to catcher, runner sliding safely under. 

(39) Batsman bunts to first baseman, who throws to shortstop, putting 
out runner who had been on first base. 

(40) Batsman scratches to pitcher, who throws to third baseman, putting 
out runner coming up from second, first base having been unoccupied when 
batsman hit ball. 

(41) Batsman pops up fly to shortstop with first base alone occupied. 
Shortstop drops ball, but recovers it and touches second before runner on 
first can reach bag. 

(42) Batsman hits sharply to shortstop, who touches runner going up to 
third (first base is unoccupied) and throws to first too late to retire 
batsman. 

(43) Batsman hits fly to left fielder, who drops ball, but throws to tkird 
in time to retire runner going up from second. 

(44) Man on second when batsman attempts to sacrifice by bunting 
toward third base. Pitcher fields ball but, turning to third, he finds no 
one covering. Turning next to first, he finds that the batsman has beaten 
any throw he could make. 

(45) Runner on third when batsman hits sharp grounder to pitcher on 
line between home plate and first base. Pitcher turns to throw to catcher, 
believing runner on third would endeavor to score, but finds that runner 
remains at third. Turning to first, he finds batsman safe there. 

(46) With bases filled, batsman bunts to second baseman. Force at 
".econd or put-out at first very easy, but second baseman throws home to 
-ut off run. Throw to first is too slow and run scores, all others safe also. 



32 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



PUT-OUTS AND ASSISTS 

Crediting the put-outs and assists to whicK the fielders are 
entitled will keep the scorer pretty well occupied during the 
game. One of the simplest duties apparently, the scorer will find 
that it is easy to go astray unless the watchword 'Vigilance" is 
nailed to the mast. In the natural order of sequence, the assists 
develop first. An assist must be credited to a fielder who touches 
the ball during a play that finally results in a put-out, or would 
so result had the ball been perfectly handled to the end of the 
play. 

Attention is called to the use of the word "touches" instead of the 
word "handles," which appears in the regular code. The accepted 
definition of the word "handles" in this case has come, by long 
usage, to be ''touches" or "whom the ball touches," Were this not the 
case, the fielder who is even involuntarily hit, or brushed, or merely 
touched by the ball would not be given an assist, as has been the 
custom for many years, should the ball continue to some other 
fielder's hands and result in the putting out of the batsman or of a 
base runner. 

This is a feature that must not be overlooked by the scorer. 
To get an assist on a play that results in a put-out or would so 
result unless error prevented, the fielder does not necessarily 
have to handle the ball. If he touches the ball, or if the ball 
touches any part of his anatomy, either voluntarily or involun- 
tarily, he is entitled to an assist. A ball, hard driven from the 
bat, caroms off of the pitcher's shin before he can either side-step 
or raise a protecting hand. If the ball is deflected to the second 
baseman, for instance, who throws to first in time to make the 
put-out, or even should the second baseman make an imperfect 
throw, thus allowing the batsman to reach first base safely, the 
pitcher must be credited with an assist. 

Indeed, it is possible, though hardly probable, that a fielder may 
receive an assist on a fly-out. A fly ball may descend upon a 
fielder, either into his hands or upon some part of his body and 
bound off. If some other fielder is near enough to catch the ball 
before it falls to the ground an assist would have to be given to 
the first fielder, while the second gets credit for the put-out of a 
technical fly ball. It is of importance, then, for the scorer to keep 
in mind that even the involuntary touch of the ball entitles the 
fielder to an assist if the play is completed. 

It is also of the highest importance for the scorer to remem- 
ber that the play does not have to be successfully completed to 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33 

earn an assist. Naturally, the put-out can only be credited when 
the batsman or a base runner is put out, but the assists may be 
numerous with never a put-out on the card. 

Fully equal in importance is close attention on the part of the 
scorer, in order that he may be sure he notes every fielder who is 
entitled to fielding credit as the plays develop during the game. 

A put-out should be credited to every fielder who completes a 
play and sometimes even when he does not complete it, for the 
reason that the base runner is out automatically under the rules. 
The tendency is to eliminate the foot-note from the box score. 
Formerly it was the custom to give no credit for a put-out 
unless the put-out was actually made by the player to whom 
credit was given, explaining the shortage in the total number of 
put-outs required by a note at the bottom of the score. Of late 
years, however, about the only foot-notes that have survived are 
those explaining that some base runner has been hit by a batted 
ball, that a batsman has been declared out for illegally batting the 
ball, for batting out of turn, or for illegally stepping from one 
batsman's box to the other as the pitcher is ready to pitch the 
ball. Bear in mind that whenever it is at all possible, the put-out 
should be credited in the regular way. 

For instance : the batter is automatically out if he should bunt 
foul after he already has two strikes. The ball is manifestly not 
fielded, but, as the put-out is classed as a third strike, the pitcher 
should be credited with a strike-out and the catcher should be 
given the actual put-out. Credit the put-out to the catcher also 
in case a batsman bats out of turn. 

And right here the scorer may be charged to grasp the full sig- 
nificance of rule No. 51, Section 1, which declares that the bats- 
man is out if he fails to take his position at the bat in the order 
in which his name appears in the batting list, etc. For con- 
venience sake, let us say that the first batsman on the list is No. 
1, the next No. 2, and so on down to No. 9, m regular sequence. 
No. 5 has just finished his turn at bat and, naturally, No. 6 
should come up. But through some misadvertence. No. 7 actually 
steps to the plate. This in itself is not considered an illegal act. 
No illegality is considered to have been committed until batsman 
No. 7 has completed his turn at bat — that is, until he has either 
reached first base or has been put out. Even then the illegality 
is dependent upon the opposing captain having claimed it of the 
umpire and demanded the penalty. The penalty is that No. 6 shall 
be declared out and the ball shall be credited to the catcher, inde- 
pendent of whether No. 7 reached first base or was put out in 
any way, shape or form. The scorer, under these conditions, 
should omit everything that has resulted in 'connection with No. 
7's turn at bat and substitute the out of No. 6 by the catcher. 
This done, No. 7 returns to bat to take his regular turn im- 



84 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

mediately unless the declared out makes the third of the half, in 
which case No. 7 is the first batsman up in the next inning. 

But an out is not necessarily declared, even though the proper 
batsman does not take his turn. Should the error be detected 
at any time before No. 7 has actually completed his turn at bat, 
No. 6 may be substituted, taking whatever handicap in the way 
of balls or strikes No. 7 may have had at the moment of exchange. 
No. 7 may even complete his turn at bat, and no penalty can be 
inflicted unless the opposing captain demands it before the first 
ball has been pitched to the next batsman. The features for the 
scorer to bear in mind regarding a batsman batting out of the 
proper order are as follows : 

Penalty can only be demanded between the time 
the improper batsman completed his turn at bat and 
before the pitcher delivers the first ball to the next 
batsman. 

Exchange of the improper batsman for the proper 
batsman can be made at any time before the im- 
proper batsman has completed his turn at bat, the 
proper batsman taking upon himself the balls and 
strikes the improper batsman has at the moment the 
exchange is made. 

If the improper batsman has completed his turn 
at bat and the pitcher has begun to pitch to the next 
batsman, no penalty can be demanded and the scorer 
must leave the proper batsman's account blank for 
that round. 

In case of a technical infield fly, the ball may drop to the 
ground absolutely untouched and yet the batsman will be declared 
out. Give the put-out to the fielder who, in your judgment, 
would have caught the fly had the effort been made to do so. 

In case of interference that prevents the put-out being made, 
give the credit in the score to the player who would evidently 
have made the put-out had the interference not prevented. 

An innovation since 1910 is the allowance of an assist and a 
put-out to the same fielder if, during a run-down, he has handled 
the ball previous to the actual put-out. Before this explicit 
declaration in the code, it was considered that the fielder who 
made the put-out received full credit for his entire performance 
during the play, no matter how many times he had handled the 
ball. The rule solons decreed otherwise, however, and if the 
same views continue to hold, it will not be long before we may 
expect the logical outcome — orders to credit a fielder with an 
assist every time he handles a ball during a run-down, even 
though two or three assists to the same same player result 
thereby. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKART. 35 

The scorer should also have clearly in mind the procedure in a 
case already touched upon — when a runner, not compelled to ad- 
vance by a fair batted ball, finds himself upon a base already 
occupied by a preceding base runner. In such cases the runner 
who "came up from behind" is the man properly retired. The 
advanced runner is properly entitled to remain on the base and, 
when two runners are touched by the fielder under such condi- 
tions, the last runner on the bag is the only one out. In case the 
advance has been compelled by a fair batted ball, however, the 
man previously occupying the base has been forced off and is 
retired. 

PROBLEMS. 

(47) Batted ball hits third baseman on leg, caroms off to shortstop, who 
throws ball to second baseman in time to force runner endeavoring to 
advance from first. 

(48) Batsman hits to shortstop and runner, trying to advance to third, 
is caught between bases. Ball is thrown by shortstop to third baseman, to 
shortstop, to catcher, to second baseman, to third baseman, to pitcher, to 
shortstop, who makes the put-out. 

(49) Batted ball glances off second baseman's hands and strikes runner 
advancing from first to second. Both runner and batsman reach bases 
before ball is fielded. 

(50) Batsman has two strikes when he bunts foul fly that is caught by 
third baseman. 

(51) Batsman hits to second baseman who is in act of fielding ball as 
runner advancing from first to second collides, causing second baseman to 
drop ball. 

(52) Batsman hits fly to outfielder, which is dropped. Ball is recovered 
in time to (a) put out previous runner advancing from first to second, by 
throw to. shortstop. (b) To put out batsman trying to reach second on 
the hit. 

(53) Ball hit to pitcher who has raced with batsman for first base, beating 
him by narrow margin. 

(54) With two strikes, batsman bunts foul along first base line, (a) Ball 
fielded by first baseman. (b) No effort made to field ball. 

(55) Batsman fourth on list comes to bat when it is No. 3's turn. Im- 
proper batsman has two strikes and two balls when error is discovered and 
batsman is replaced by No. 3. 

(56) Batsman hits fly to right fielder. Ball is dropped, but recovered in 
time to make throw to first base that would have put out batsman had first 
baseman not dropped the throw. 

(57) Batsman hits ball that strikes runner advancing from second to third. 

(58) Batsman No. 6 on list bats after No. 4, and the mistake is not 
discovered until batsman No. 7 is taking his turn at bat. No. 6 has made a 
safe hit and is on second. Demand made that No. 5 shall be declared out. 

(59) Runners on first, second and third and none out when batsman pops 
up a fly over pitcher's slab. Pitcher gives way to first baseman, but neither 
catches ball and it drops to the ground, no runner advancing, with original 
runner and batsman both on first base. 

(60) Run-down between third and the plate brings following exchange of 
throws: Shortstop to catcher, to third baseman, to catcher, to pitcher, to 
first baseman, to third baseman, who drops ball and allows runner to slide 
back safely to third base. Meanwhile, however, a runner who had been on 
first, has advanced to second and to third, so that the runner previously there 
finds the base occupied when the dropping of the ball by the third baseman 
allows him to return safely. Third baseman recovers the ball and touches 
both runners while standing upon the base. 



36 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRABT. 



TIMES AT BAT 

The scorer will find the average player peculiarly sensitive re- 
garding the correctness of his charges for times at bat. While 
the player is keen enough to demand perfection from others in 
every matter that concerns himself, in none is he more keen than 
in the feature of batting record — his "stock in trade," as he is 
wont to term it. Now the batting record is as much dependent 
upon the times at bat charged up as upon the number of base 
liits credited and, unfortunately, the careless scorer is more apt 
to increase the batsman's number of times at bat than to decrease 
them — a failing that will bring the wrath of the player upon 
his head. 

It is of great importance, therefore, that the scorer shall clearly 
understand and keep ever in mind, when making his extensions, 
just what situations call for an exemption of the batsman from a 
time at bat. These situations are as follows : 

When the batter has — 

Received a base on balls. 

Been hit by a pitched ball. 

Been sent to first because of interference by the 

catcher. 
Made a sacrifice hit. 
Made a sacrifice fly. 

The list does not include many items, nor is the matter at all 
complicated. The chief demand upon the scorer in fulfilling this 
part of his duties correctly, is to "keep his mind upon his num- 
ber." He must neither forget to keep his record so that the 
foregoing exceptions will be plainly apparent in each man's box 
when entitled to them and he must not overlook their presence in 
making the extensions. 

It is because these exemptions are granted that the novice 
wonders greatly why the batter appearing high up on the team's 
list may be charged in the box score with perhaps but two times 
at bat while a batsman lower down in the list may have been 
up four times, or possibly five times. The explanation is very 
simple. The batsman higher up on the list has appeared at the 
plate to take his turn at bat as often as his turn came around in 
natural sequence, but the result of his efforts while at bat will 
include one or more features in the exemption list and con- 
sequently he is extended as technically at bat fewer times than 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 37 

another batter, without exemptions, who might have been ex- 
pected to have been at bat one less time than the batsman higher 
up on the Hst. 

The reasons for the exemption are fair enough : In the case 
of a "pass" by a base on balls, being hit by the pitcher, or 
getting first by reason of the catcher's interference, the batsman 
has not had a fair chance to earn a base-hit. Consequently there 
is no justice in making his record appear as if he had that chance. 
In the case of a sacrifice hit or fly, the batsman has earned 
the right to exemption by meritorious conduct, as it were. He 
has voluntarily relinquished his fair chance to make a safe hit, 
for the general good to the team the advancement of the runner 
will be and he should not be penalized for doing his duty. 

PROBLEMS. 
(6i) Batsman scratches to third baseman and is out at first, runner on 
first advancing to second. 

(62) Batsman bunts to pitcher who throws to shortstop, forcing runner 
advancing from first base. 

(63) Batsman, on hit-and-run-sign, hits sharply between first and second, 
but fails to get ball through. Second baseman fields ball to first, retiring 
batsman, but runner advances from first base to second. 

(64) Runner on third base when batsman sends long, but easy fly to 
left fielder. Left fielder allowed ball to slip through hands, but recovers 
it in time to throw out at second base, runner forced from first. Runner 
on third scores and batsman is safe on first. 

(65) Batsman bunts to pitcher who throws wild to first base. Runner 
on second base scores and batsman reaches second safely. 

(66) Batsman bunts in front of the plate. Catcher fields ball, throwing 
to third base in time to retire runner advancing from second. Runner 
advances from first to second and batsman is safe on first. 

(67) With runner on third and one out, batsman bunts on "squeeze- 
play" signal. Batsman is thrown out at first, runner scoring from third. 

(68) Batsman bunts to second baseman, who throws to shortstop at 
second. Close play results, on which runner advancing from first is 
declared safe. Batsman is also safe at first. 

(69) Batsman bunts to pitcher, who throws to shortstop apparently 
standing on bag. Shortstop immediately throws to first, putting out bats- 
man. Umpire declares the runner advancing from first base is safe at 
second, as shortstop did not have his foot on the base when acting as pivot 
in supposed double play. 

(70) Batsman is crowded out of box by catcher as runner endeavors to 
steal home from third on regular delivery. Umpire awards batsman first base. 

(71) Batsman flies to right field, advancing runner from second to third. 



SPALDING'S ATHLSTIC LIBRARY. 



SCORING OF RUNS 

While the scorer has nothing to do with deciding whether run- 
ners who cross the plate under peculiar conditions are allowed 
to count a run for their side, the scorer must know what the 
umpire is bound to decide according to the rules or he wiP. be 
ignorant of the real state of the score. The scorer must bear 
in mind that no run can score that crosses the plate on or dur- 
ing a play in which the third man is either forced out or put out 
before reaching first base. 

Suppose, by way of illustration, that two are out and a runner 
is on third base when the batsman hits to the shortstop a ground 
ball on which the batsman is put out by the throw to first on a 
very close play. The runner who had been on third, having a bet- 
ter start for the plate than the batsman had for first base, is mani- 
festly across the plate before the shortstop's throw that retired 
the batsman is in the first baseman's hands. The run, however, 
cannot count. 

Again, should the play have been varied merely by supposing 
the third out to be a runner forced at second, the runner from 
third could not count a run, though he may have crossed the 
plate perceptibly before the throw from second base completed the 
put-out. 

Double plays also sometimes figure when the side is retired 
thereby. It makes no difference whether the play is merely the 
one out, a double or even a triple play, if the play retires the 
side and the runner crosses the plate during it. The run dc€S 
not count. 

But the scorer must use discrimination, for there are numerous 
situations when the run does count if the runner crosses the 
plate before the put-out that retires the side is made. For in- 
stance : Two are out with runners on third and second when the 
batsman hits safely to right field. In endeavoring to stretch his 
hit to a two-bagger, he is put out at second base by the right 
fielder's throw to the shortstop. The runner from third base un- 
doubtedly scores, while if the runner from second crossed the 
plate before the ball was "put on" the batsman trying to reach 
second base that run counts. 

Another case in which the run is allowed to count by custom, 
but which is capable of less defense, is that scoring during a 
play that makes the third out, arising from a runner having left 
his base illegally upon a fly catch. To illustrate: A runner is 
on third base and another on second base, with one out, when 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39 

batsman hits fly to center fielder. The runner on third base holds 
the base until the catch is made, then starts for the plate. The 
runner on second base, however, started to advance the moment 
the batsman hit the ball. The centre fielder's throw to the second 
baseman results in the runner from second bemg put out before 
he can return. The runner from third is allowed to count his 
run under these circumstances, provided he crossed the plate be- 
fore the out was made at second base. 

Just why this run should be allowed to count is not apparent 
for the reason that the play partakes of the nature of a force, 
just as though the runner were compelled to advance by reason 
of a batted ball. The fact is, the batted ball has compelled the 
runner to remain where he is until the ball is caught, or, failing 
that — as in this case — to return to the base. Because the direc- 
tion of the force is inverted, it should be no less a force, and, as 
the principle of forces is that the runner is out from the moment 
the play begins, provided it is successfully completed, it is not 
apparent how the run can justly be allowed to score, even though 
the runner does cross the plate before the actual put-out is made. 
And yet custom decrees that the run shall count. 

The different principle involved can be recognized by supposing 
that in this same hypothetical case cited, the runner on second 
base holds the bag until the ball has been caught by the centre 
fielder. Then he endeavors to advance to third base and is put 
out by the centre fielder's throw to the third baseman. It can 
be seen at once that there is no reason why the runner from 
third should not be allowed to score if he crosses the plate before 
the third man was out. There was nothing compulsory about the 
runner from second base advancing and the game was "wide 
open" for any play legitimately made during the period. In the 
other case, however, the other runner has illegally left second base. 
From the moment he left it he was an offender against the rules, from 
which he could only purge himself by his return to second base 
before the ball arrived there. He was plainly forced to return, 
just as the man on first is forced to run to second, under the rules, 
when the batsman hits a fair ball not caught on the fly. 

But until the rule solons recognize the demands of the force 
inverted as well as the force direct, the run under these circum- 
stances will have to be allowed. 

When the third out is made by claiming the put-out on a 
runner who "cuts" a base, the scorer must discriminate between 
whether that "cut" does or does not amount to a force out. If it 
does, no run scored can count even though it may have crossed 
the plate before the out was legally made. The now celebrated 
Merkle decision in the fall of 1907 plainly established this pre- 
cedent. In that case a runner was on third and another on first 



40 SPALDING'S ATHLSTIC LIBRARY. 

when the batsman made what would ordinarily have been a safe 
hit, had the runner on first carried out the letter of the rule and ad- 
vanced to second base. That run would have been the winning 
run and the game would have ended then and there, but the 
runner from first base did not deem it necessary to go through the 
formality of advancing to second base. The ball was fielded to 
that base, the runner on first base was declared to have been 
forced and the runner from third base was not allowed to count 
his run. 

Let us suppose, however, that in this same case there had been 
no runner on first base — merely the runner on third and the game 
not at an end when he crossed the plate. The batsman made his 
safe hit and continued around the circuit, cutting second base 
as he proceeded. Suppose the ball was fielded to second base and 
the out demanded, all runs would have counted that crossed 
the plate before such put-out was declared by the umpire. 

Runs cannot be scored and, in fact, no bases run when a batted 
ball hits an umpire or a runner. The only exception to this gen- 
eral rule is when the runners are compelled to advance to allow 
the batsman to take first base. 

PROBLEMS. 

(72) Runner on third and two out when batsman hits to shortstop. 
Runner crosses plate before shortstop's throw puts out batsman at first 
base. 

{73) Runner on third and two out when batsman hits to second baseman. 
Runner crosses plate before second baseman's throw to shortstop forces 
runner trying to advance from first. 

(74) Runner on second and two out when batsman hits safely to left 
field. Runner crosses plate before batsman is retired trying to stretch his 
hit to two bases. 

(75) Runner on third and runner on first, with one out, when batsman 
hits fly *o right field. Runner on third holds base until fly is caught and 
crosses plate before right fielder's throw to first base puts out runner 
there, who had left base too soon. 

(76) Runner on third and runner on second, with one out. Batsman 
hits fly to left field. Runner from third crosses plate legally before runner 
from second, legally trying to advance to third, is thrown out at third 
base. 

(77) Runners on third, second and first, with one out when technical in- 
field fly falls through second baseman's hands to ground and ball rolls a 
short distance. Runner on third makes dash for plate and runner on 
second makes dash for third. Runner on third crosses plate before 
runner from second is put out by second baseman's throw to third baseman. 

(78) Bases filled, with none out, when batsman hits short fly to left field. 
Runners have begun to advance when left fielder makes sensational one- 
handed catch. Runner on third touches base after ball is caught and 
crosses plate after ball is relayed to second base, putting out the runner 
there, but before the ball reaches first to complete the triple play. 

(79) Runner on third when batsman hits ball so that umpire is hit by 
batted ball. 

(80) Runners on all bases when umpire is hit by batted ball. 

(81) Runners on third and first with none out when batted ball hits 
runner going down from first to second. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE EARNED RUN 

The Earned Run is not a factor in present-day scoring, as con- 
sideration of it was abandoned some years ago. Its various 
aspects during the period it was taken into account will be inter- 
esting to the scorer, however, as it is very possible that this fea- 
ture will soon find its way again into the score sheets. Already 
the signs point to a speedy re-incorporation in connection with 
determining more exactly the merits and demerits of the pitcher, 
for the consensus of opinion is that the present method of charg- 
ing games lost or of crediting games won is not a true indica- 
tion of the pitcher's every day value to his team. 

Away back in the '80's the earned run was first introduced. Its 
definition at that, time was as follows : 

An earned run shall be scored every time the 
player reaches the home base unaided by errors be- 
fore chances have been offered to retire the side by 
three men. But bases on balls though summarized as 
errors, shall be credited as factors in earned runs. 
The clearest form of the earned run at that time was one that 
started on a safe hit, or a base on balls, reached second on 
a safe hit or a force to second by a base on balls, and reached 
third and home in the same way. The counting stopped abso- 
lutely, however, at the moment the side should have been re- 
tired, but was not, by reason of fielding errors. 

At the beginning of the '90's the earned run assumed this 
phase : 

An earned run shall be scored every time the player 
reaches home base unaided by errors before the 
chances have been offered to retire the side. 
The difference was the elimination of the base on balls from 
figuring in an earned run. The run was only earned when batted 
clear around the four bases, but, as in the original definition, the 
account was cut off when the side should have been retired by 
reason of fielding errors. 

During the year 1890 it was learned that some scorers had been 
in the habit of including stolen bases in computing earned runs 
and it was deemed wise to promulgate a caution against such 
procedure. The note was appended therefore, that the "earned 
run should not include the data of stolen bases or of bases scored 
in any other way." 

The next year — 1892 — brought more tinkering with the defini- 
tion of the earned run, which appeared in this form: 



42 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

An earned run shall be scored every time a player 
reaches the home base unaided by errors before 
chances have been offered to retire the side. If a 
base runner advances a base on a fly-out, or gains 
two bases on a single hit or on an infield fly-out, or 
on an attempted out, he shall be credited Vv-ith a stolen 
base, provided that there is a possible chance and a 
palpable effort to retire him. 

The effect of this, it will be seen, was to still further limit the 
number of earned runs. The rules of 1893 returned the earned- 
run definition to exactly the same verbiage as in 1890 and thus 
it remained during 1894, 1895 and 1896. In 1897 one more attempt 
was made to get a definition that gave satisfaction and the result 
was this : 

An earned run shall be scored every time a player 
reaches the home base by the aid of base hits only, 
before chances have been offered to retire the side. 

But the true merits of the pitcher will never be shown by the 
earned run of any definition baseball has yet known, for the 
reason that errors cannot be eliminated simply by a stroke of the 
pen, or by cutting off the account of the pitcher merely because 
errors have prevented the retirement of the side. Errors are 
as much a part of the game to be expected as base-hits and the 
pitcher's merit must be considered from a basis of what he does, 
even against a handicap of errors, as well as what he allows in 
the way of safe hits. The pitcher who can rise superior to errors, 
always more or less discouraging to a pitcher's work, is the 
pitcher who deserves the better rating. Some system of charg- 
ing runs for which the pitcher is responsible, errors or no errors, 
must be considered as the only true test of merit. 

The best test, it would seem, will be to work out a system charg- 
ing the pitcher with all runs secured by his agency, eliminating 
only such runners who would, during the inning have been put 
out on perfect play. Let a possible earned run start on a base 
on balls, a hit-by-the-pitcher, a fielding error by the pitcher or a 
safe-hit Let that earned run be "alive" until that time when, 
should it come, the runner should have been put out and was 
not by some error other than one of the pitcher. But all other 
runs resulting from additional bases gained by fielding errors 
should be counted against the pitcher clear until the half inning 
ends. Then take the total number of runs for which he has been 
responsible during the season in connection with the times at bat 
of opponents and an average will be gained that will really show 
something. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 43 



DOUBLE PLAYS AND STOLEN BASES 

As strange as it may seem, there had been no specific defini- 
tion of the term "Double Plays" until the code of 1909, when the 
Baseball Writers' Association established this idea regarding the 
Double Play, having it incorporated in the rules : 

A Double Play shall mean any two continuous put- 
outs that take place between the time the ball leaves 
the pitcher's hands until it is returned to him again, 
standing in the pitcher's box. 

It was ample time, in the interests of scoring uniformity, that 
some definition of the term was evolved, for the reason that some 
scorers were placing in the summary as double plays certain 
forms of two continuous put-outs, while others were not classing 
them as double plays. The most convenient illustration is found 
in the attempted steal upon a strike-out. Many scorers would 
class this as a double play if the stealing runner was thrown out 
by the catcher, while just as many others would not regard it as 
such. The truth of the matter is that those who did not, were 
nearer the original conception of the double play than those who 
did, for the double play was originally intended to hinge upon the 
double out arising from a batted ball and from nothing else. 
For instance: If a batter forced a runner compelled to advance 
and was himself thrown out at first, or if a runner was thrown 
out at a base he illegally left upon a fly catch, a double play was 
consummated. The play manifestly hinged upon the batted ball. 

The new idea abandoned that restriction entirely and, if taken 
literally, the scorer must credit as double plays any two outs made 
between the delivery of the ball and the moment when the pitcher 
again holds the ball while standing in his position. 

The proper form of writing down a double play is "Smith, 
Jones and Brown." Many scorers seem addicted to the form of 
"Smith to Jones to Brown," which is not considered correct. 

The Baseball Writers' Association must also receive credit for 
systematizing better than ever before the plan for making uniform 
the scoring of stolen bases. The principal thing for the scorer 
to remember now is that there are important exceptions to the 
general rule that a stolen base is credited to a runner who ad- 
vances a base unaided by a base hit, a put-out, or a fielding or 
battery error. These exceptions are as follows : 



44 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

In the event of a double or triple steal being at- 
tempted, where either runner is thrown out, the other, 
or others, shall not be credited with a stolen base. 

In the event of a base runner being touched out 
after sliding over a base, he shall not be regarded as 
having stolen the base in question. 

In event of a palpable muff of a ball thrown by the 
catcher, when the base runner is clearly blocked, the 
infielder making the muff shall be charged with an 
error and the base runner shall not be credited with 
a stokn base. 

Conversely, the base runner shall be credited with a stolen 
base in the event of his making a start to steal a base prior to a 
battery error. 

Just how the viewpoint as regards stolen bases has changed in 
thirty years can be judged from the instructions issued in the 80's, 
which were as follows : 

Bases stolen * * * shall be governed as follows : 

Any attempt to steal a base must go to the credit 
of the base runner whether the ball is thrown wild or 
muffed by the fielder; but any manifest error is to be 
charged to the fielder making the same. If the base 
runner advances another base, he shall not be 
credited with a stolen base and the fielder allowing 
the advancement shall be charged with an error. If 
a base runner makes a start and a battery error is 
made, the runner secures the credit of a stolen base 
and the battery error is scored against the player mak- 
ing it. Should a base runner over-run a base and 
then be put out, he should receive the credit for a 
stolen base. 

In 1891, the late Henry Chadwick, the editor of Spalding's 
Official Base Ball Guide, made the self-explanatory note: "This 
rule sadly needs revision, as it fails to properly describe a stolen 
base." 

The only effect perceptible, however, was the addition in 1893 
of these words: 

If a base runner advances a base on a fly-out, or 
gains two bases on a single base-hit, or an infield 
out, or an attempted out, he shall be credited with a 
stolen base, provided there is a possible chance and a 
palpable attempt made to retire him. 
This addition held for six years — until 1897 — when it was re- 
tired and the instructions restored to the original form of the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 45 

eighties. But the next year — 1898 — the entire section was wiped 
out and there was substituted in its place this brief command : 

A stolen base shall be credited to the base runner 
whenever he reaches the 'base he attempts to steal un- 
aided by a fielding or by a battery error, or a hit by 
the batsman. 

So things remained for 11 years, when the Baseball Writers' 
Association took a hand and produced practically the instruc- 
tions that pertain at the present time. 

The scorer will not be allowed to credit a stolen base to a run- 
ner who may take it upon himself to "steal backward." While 
there is nothing prohibitive in the general rules of a runner pro- 
ceeding from third to second, or from second to first, should he 
deem any better strategic position to be gained thereby, stolen 
bases are only credited when the runner "advances." Indeed, 
though the "steal backward" has been occasionally worked in 
years gone by, of late seasons some leagues have instructed 
umpires to disallow such a play. But whether the umpire allows 
it or not, when attempted, the scorer cannot let it affect his stolen 
base record. 

PROBLEMS. 

(82) Runner on first when batsman bunts foul fly which is caught by 
third baseman. Third baseman throws to first baseman, retiring runner 
before he returns to base. 

(83) As batsman strikes out, runner on second attempts to steal third, 
but is thrown out, catcher to third baseman. 

(84) Pitcher catches runner off first base by throw to first baseman 
and he is eventually put out. During the run-down, runner on third 
attempts to score, and throw to catcher puts him out at the plate. 

(85) Batsman flies to left fielder, who throws to shortstop in time to 
catch runner from first trying to reach second. 

(86) Batsman flies out to second baseman, who throws wildly to third 
baseman in effort to catch runner off third base. Runner scores, but 
third baseman returns ball to shortstop, covering third, in time to retire 
runner endeavoring to advance from second. 

(87) Batsman fouls to catcher, who returns ball to pitcher. Pitcher, 
noting runner on first kas big lead, throws to first baseman, retiring 
runner. 

(88) With first base only occupied, batsman pops up fly to second 
baseman, who drops ball, but recovers it in time to throw to shortstop, 
who touches bag and throws to first baseman, before batsman reaches base. 

(89) Runner on first starts to second as pitcher delivers wild pitch and 
runner reaches third. 

(90) Runner on second starts for third before ball is delivered. Batsman 
hits to shortstop and is thrown out at first. 

(91) Runner on first starts for second as pitcher delivers ball. Batsman 
fails to hit ball and catcher throws to shortstop, who apparently has 
caught runner until he drops the throw. 

(92) Runner on second endeavors to advance to third, which he reaches 
before third baseman receives catcher's throw. He over-slides bag, how- 
ever, and is touched by third baseman before he can get back. 

(93) Runner on second advances to third when batsman flies to right 
fielder. 



46 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

(94) Runner on first advances to second and keeps on to third, as 
catcher throws to centre field. 

(95) Runner on first starts for second as pitcher delivers ball. Bats- 
man hits cleanly to right and runner continues safely to third. Batsman 
remains at first. 

(96) Runners on second and first endeavor to advance simultaneously, 
but catcher's throw to third baseman puts out runner from second. 

(97) Runners on first and second when catcher has passed ball and 
both advance. Neither had shown any evidence of advancing until passed 
ball occurs. 

(98) Runners on third and first with one out, when runner on first 
advances to second. Catcher throws down and runner on third advances 
to plate, scoring, but runner from first is put out. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS 

The scorer will find it necessary to be thoroughly posted on 
several matters which, while they may be classed among the "un- 
written rules" are none the less important, and without the 
knowledge of which good and uniform scoring is not. 

For instance, should a "hit-by-a-pitched-ball" be the fourth 
ball, the batter is not scored as having been hit by the pitcher, 
but as having reached first on four balls. The reason for this is 
two-fold : it lessens the labor of the scorer and it lessens the 
odium attached to the pitchmg. It lessens the labor of the 
scorer for the reason that a game rarely passes that a batsman 
does not reach first on four balls, consequently that feature, of 
scoring is practically sure to be present. The additional base on 
balls, therefore, can be more readily recorded than can the hit- 
by-the-pitcher, which is rare in comparison with the base on 
balls and it may obviate the opening of an entirely new account, 
as it were, to call such a hit-by-the-pitcher a fourth ball. 

It relieves the odium upon the pitcher, because the hit-by-the- 
pitcher is less prevalent and accordingly more likely to cause the 
pitcher unfavorable notoriety if his account is large. _ Both 
classes of passes exempt the batsman from a charge of a time at 
^at, so it can be but a matter of indifference to him. 

While touching upon bases on balls, the evolution of the rule 
ixing the number of bad balls necessary for a batsman to "walk" 
to first and the number of strikes necessary to retire the bats- 
man should be familiar to the scorer. 

The earliest codified rules of baseball formulated on December 
12, 1860, do not recognize "bad balls" as they are now known 
and, consequently, there was no such thing as the present day 
"base on balls," The "called strike" was recognized but a called 
strike was evidently distasteful and only resorted to as a last 
recourse. The umpire was instructed to call strikes on the 
"striker," as the batsman was then called, only in case the afore- 
said "striker" stood at the bat "without striking at good balls 
repeatedly pitched to him, for the apparent purpose of delaying 
the game or of giving advantage to a player." In that case, the 
umpire was instructed to warn the "striker" and, after that, to 
call strikes "if he persisted in such action." This was Rule 37, 
and the repeated advice to umpires to enforce the rule is an indi- 
cation that it was more often honored in the breach than in the 
observance. Of course, if the "striker" hit at three balls and 



48 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

missed, he was declared out, if the catcher caught the third de- 
livery so struck out and missed, either on the fly or on the 
bound. If the catcher did not make this catch on the fly or the 
bound, the striker was entitled, as now, to endeavor to reach first 
base before the ball could be fielded there. 

Later in the sixties the "bad ball" was recognized for the first 
time and the "striker" was authorized to "take the first base" 
when three balls had been called. The words "three balls" con- 
veyed a vastly different meaning then than now. The rule read : 

Should the pitcher repeatedly fail to deliver to the 
striker fair balls * * * the umpire, after warning 
him, shall call one ball and if the pitcher persists 
in such action, two and three balls. 

This was construed to mean that before a "ball" was called 
upon the pitcher, he must have pitched at least two practically 
bad balls, after which he should be "warned" by the umpire. 
After the warning, it was necessary for the pitcher to pitch at 
least two more practically bad balls before the umpire could 
call one technically bad ball. A little mental arithmetic shows 
that the minimum of six what are now termed "balls" had to 
be pitched in those days before the "striker" could take the first 
base on three technical "balls." The fact was, however, that the 
umpire allowed greater leeway habitually, especially in the first 
inning. The pitcher could usually pitch what would now be 
called 9 or more bad balls before the "striker" was privileged to 
"walk" to first base. 

The strike-out rule remained the same, but began to be more 
rigidly interpreted. 

In 1870 the rules were slightly changed so as to exempt the 
first ball pitched by the pitcher from being called either a ball 
or a strike unless the "striker" struck at it and missed. The 
warning by the umpire was also eliminated, thus reducing the 
number of practical bad balls or strikes allowed the pitcher be- 
fore the technical three balls or strikes were completed on the 
"striker." 

In 1873 a material change was made in determining balls. Pro- 
vision was made for what was termed the "wide ball" — that is, 
balls delivered by the pitcher to the "striker" over the striker's 
position or on the ground in front of the home base, or touch- 
ing his person, or out of reach of his bat, or on the side opposite 
to that from which the batsman strikes. Three such "wide balls," 
excepting alone the first ball delivered to the "striker" entitled 
the "striker" to take his first base. The original rule pertaining 
to taking first on bad balls was materially changed also, as it was 
provided that all balls not designated as wide balls and yet not 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 

sent over the home base at the proper height, should be called 
"unfairly delivered" in the proportion of one to every third ball 
so delivered Thus, excepting "wide balls," the "striker" must 
needs have had 9 practically bad balls before being allowed to 
take first on three technically bad balls. 

The strike-out rule remained the same. 

In 1875, the exemption granted on balls and strikes to the 
first ball delivered was abrogated. 

In 1878 the rule pertaining to called strikes was amended to 
practically allow the batsman four strikes before being called 
out. This was done by instructing the umpire to call "Good 
ball" upon the delivery of the next fair ball after the batsman 
had had two strikes called and upon the next good delivery, the 
third strike. 

The next year — 1879 — saw the bad ball put on the basis it 
occupies to-day and 9 of these bad balls were allowed the pitcher 
before the batsman could "walk" to first base. 

The number of balls was reduced in 1880 to eight, and after 
more or less vicissitudes during the eighties, in 1888 five was fixed 
as the requisite number. In 1889 the qualifying number was re- 
duced to four, where it has remained ever since. 

BALKS. 
The scorer must bear in mind that under the rules now pre- 
vailing the batsman never takes first base on a balk. Only the 
base runners advance on a balk and when no base runners are 
on bases, there can be no technical balk. The rules say that a 
balk shall be : 

1. Any motion made by the pitcher while in posi- 
tion to deliver the ball to the bat without delivering 
it, or to throw to first base when occupied by a base 
runner, without completing the throw. 

2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base to 
catch the base runner without stepping directly 
toward such a base in the act of making such throw. 

3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the pitcher 
while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate. 

4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the pitcher 
while he is not facing the batsman. 

5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat by 
the pitcher while not in the position defined by Rule 
30. 

6. Holding of the ball by the pitcher so long as, in 
the opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay the 
game. 



50 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

7. Making any motion to pitch while standing in 
his position without having the ball in his posses- 
sion. 

8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip 
or body the pitcher habitually makes in his method 
of delivery without immediately delivering the ball 
to the bat. 

9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the catcher 
is standing outside the lines of the catcher's position 
as defined in Rule 3. 

It can readily be seen that a balk need not necessarily occur 
from a delivery of the ball to the batsman — the only possible 
way in which it could affect the batsman by being called a 
technical "ball." If a balk is called from causes 1, 2, 7 or 8, it 
is impossible for the batsman to be affected. If from causes 3, 
4, 5 or 9, the batsman is affected if the umpire calls a "ball." 
If it should happen to be the batsman's fourth "ball" he proceeds 
to first base. If from cause 6, the batsman may be affected, for 
while the ball may not be delivered, the umpire is empowered 
by the rules to call a "ball." 

The principal thing for the scorer to remember is that if the 
fourth ball is called on a balk, the batsman is recorded as hav- 
ing reached first base on the fourth ball and not on the balk. 

FIRST BASE ON ERRORS. 
A first base on errors should be scored when the batsman is 
able to start his round by reason of a fielding error made on the 
ball the batsman hit. While strict reasoning might urge a "first- 
on-errors" to be charged when a batsman reaches first base in 
any way after the catcher or other fielder had dropped a foul 
fly offered by that batsman, it is not customary to do so. The 
batsman has practically reached first because that error was com- 
mitted during his term at bat, but it is not classed in the 
province of technical "first-on-errors." So, again, when a bats- 
man forces an advanced runner, but the advanced runner is saved 
by a fielding error, it might be reasoned that a "first-on-errors" 
should be charged, but it is not. The scorer should remember 
that only in case the play is made at first base, on the bats- 
man and on the ball batted by the batsman, is the_ technical 
"first-on-errors" charged in the score if the batsman is "saved" 
by the commission of a fielding error. 

SUBSTITUTE RUNNERS. 
In case a substitute runner is put in for the runner on the 
score card, the scorer must learn whether the substitute is a 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 

temporary rnan, allowed by permission of the opposing team, or 
whether he is a new player, temporarily or permanently injected 
into the game. The scorer must know, because on that knowl- 
edge depends whether the scorer is to credit any bases stolen, or 
runs scored by the substitute, to the original player or to the 
substitute. 

The substitute runner never appears until the batsman has 
reached at least first base. Should the captain of the batsman's 
team decide for any reason that it will be to the advantage of his 
team to have a runner substituted for him he has two alter- 
natives : 

First — A player already in the lineup may be chosen to do the 
running, but only with the consent of the captain of the oppos- 
ing team. _ If such a player is chosen and accepted by the oppos- 
ing captain, any bases he may steal or run he may score, are 
credited to the regular batsman whose place he has, temporarily 
taken and after the run is scored or the half-inning is closed, the 
substitute goes to his own position, while the player for whom 
he substituted is privileged to return to his former duties. 

Second — A player from the bench, that is, a player who has 
not been heretofore in the lineup, may be substituted for the 
runner. In that case no permission has to be gained from the 
opposing captain, the original runner is out of the remainder of 
the game and the substitute becomes a regular player and as 
such is to be credited with any bases he may steal or the run, if 
he scores. At the conclusion of the half-inning he may take the 
fielding place of the player whom he replaced, or he may, in 
turn, be replaced by another substitute. 

Generally speaking, the scorer may be guided by whether the 
substitute is one of the players already in the lineup. If he is, 
disregard him except for a footnote, which may be made, ex- 
plaining that " ran for in the inning." 



52 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



CREDITING OR CHARGING THE FITCHER 

One of the principal methods for many years of determining 
a pitcher's ahiHty has been by the number of games he has won 
and lost during each season. Dissatisfaction has been growing 
over the fact that this is the principal means of determining so 
important a matter because in many cases it does not represent 
the pitcher's real value. But with that this volume has nothing 
to do. 

No mechanical difficulty presents itself when only one pitcher 
appears for each team, but when two or more pitchers are used 
by one of the teams, the scorer is often puzzled to know which 
may more justly be credited with a victory or charged with a 
loss, as results may compel. No set rules have even been formu- 
lated, for no set of rules can cover all of the multitudinous aspects 
of games that may develop. The scorer can only be guided by 
common sense in reaching his decision — common sense, added to 
the underlying principles that may be said to govern. Indeed, 
there is more need for the exercise of common sense in this 
particular feature than in any other department of scoring, not 
even excepting that other delicate task, discriminating between 
the base-hit and the error. 

The scorer should take into consideration the following points : 

1. The number of innings each pitcher works. 

2. The comparative state of the score when the 
first pitcher gave way to his successor, the subse- 
quent state of the score during the play and the final 
score. 

3. The number of hands out and the number of 
runners on bases, if any, at the moment when the 
substitution was made, if it occurred in mid-inning. 

With these things in view, the scorer should weigh results at- 
tributable to each pitcher with a view to establishing clearly in 
his own mind which was the more responsible for the final result 
of the game. His recommendation — he can never do more than 
recommend, as the secretary or president of the league compiles 
officially the number of games each pitcher wins or loses during 
the season — should be based on the conclusion he reaches after 
a careful study of all the various aspects of the game. 

T(he nearest to a set o'f rules on the subject that can be 
codified may be formulated as follows : 

If the pitcher who first v/orks has been taken out 
after the fifth inning has been reached, at the close 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

of the half-inning and the score is in favor of his 
team, if the game is won, without being tied at any 
stage of the game, credit the first pitcher with the 
victory. If the game is lost, charge the second 
pitcher. 

If the pitcher who first works has been taken out 
at the end of a half-inning before the fifth inning 
has' been reached, if the number of runs made by 
his team up to that time proves greater than the 
final score of his opponents, credit the first pitcher 
wtih the victory. If the runs made by his team after 
the first pitcher retires were necessary to cause the 
team to win, credit the second pitcher with the 
victory or charge him with the loss, as the final 
result may demand. 

If the pitcher who first works has been taken out 
in mid-inning at any stage of the game, charge any 
runs scored by runners who may be on bases when 
the first pitcher retires, to the first pitcher and then 
compute according to the first or second of the fore- 
going paragraphs, as the case may demand. 

If the first pitcher has been taken out at the end 
of any half-inning whether it is the first or last part 
of the game and the score is a tie, the second pitcher 
is credited with a victory or charged with a loss, as 
the final score may demand. 

If the pitcher who first works has been taken out 
at any stage of the game with the comparative score 
in favor of his opponents, should the game be event- 
ually won by his team, credit must be to the second 
pitcher. Should the game be lost, the first pitcher is 
charged with the loss. The only exception to this 
rule that might be noted is that should the team 
make during its next term at bat sufficient runs to 
either tie or forge ahead, the tie or advantage must 
be credited to the first pitcher, even though a substi- 
tute batsman has been used for him, indicating that 
the pitcher is out of the game entirely. 

If the pitcher who first works retires with the score 
against his team, a second pitcher fails to improve 
conditions and a third pitcher is finally used with 
the result that the game is eventually lost, the charge 
of the loss must be made against the first pitcher who 
worked. If, however, the score is at any time tied 
or his team forges ahead of its opponents, the ac- 
count is supposed to begin afresh from such time 
the score is tied or bettered. 



54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRART. 

In this connection the scorer will be benfitted by the rules 
observed by Mr. John A. Heydler, for many years secretary of 
the National League and at one time its president, than whom 
no more eminent authority on properly crediting or charging 
pitchers can be quoted. Mr. Heydler gave his views on the 
subject to the author of this volume a short time ago and they 
are herewith printed for the first time : 

A pitcher relieving another must have an abso- 
lutely equal chance, in fact, he is entitled to any shade 
of benefit, as he is the only player not warmed or 
keyed up to contesting edge. 

If he finds runners on the bases when he takes 
command and he cannot prevent them from scoring, 
these runs must be charged to his predecessors. 

If he starts on equal innings with the score a tie, 
the preceding pitcher is eliminated. It is a new game, 
so far as the new pitcher is concerned. If this 
occurs in the eighth inning, his team may win for 
him in the very next inning. That is his fortune, 
for he could lose in that one inning just as easily. 
This method often appears unjust to the man who 
pitched the greater part of the game, but in the long 
run of the season these short-game credits usually 
equalize themselves. I lean toward the pitcher who 
is always around and ready to jump in and save a 
game. 

Here is one that does look bad: A sixteen-inning 
game with the final score 1 to 0. In the twelfth in- 
ning the first pitcher has been taken out to allow a 
substitute to bat. The game goes for four innings 
and the second pitcher gets credit for the game. A 
hardship for the first pitcher, no doubt, but how 
about the opposing pitcher, who is also "there" for 
15 innings and he may have lost by some fluke in 
the sixteenth? Fine work for a "zero" in the aver- 
ages. But these are isolated cases. The rule is 
for the many. 

Another muchly discussed matter is the award of 
the game to a pitcher who is retired with a score in 
his favor. I seldom give the first pitcher credit for 
winning unless he has pitched at least five innings. 
I make an exception, of course, where the score is 
overwhelmingly in his favor in the first few innings 
and his retirement is plainly to save him for 
another game. In such cases I weigh all the con- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55 

ditiqns and usually rely on the judgment of the 
official scorer who is on the ground and knows all 
the circumstances leading up to the pitcher's retire- 
ment. Where a pitcher is relieved by a substitute 
batsman, I usually give him the benefit of the bats- 
rnan's work and I also endeavor to give the retiring 
pitcher an inning of batting for every inning he 
pitches. For instance : He is taken out after pitch- 
ing seven innings against the visiting team. He is 
then entitled to the result of his team's turn at bat 
in that inning. 

The scorer is advised not to bother with this question any 
more than he is disposed from curiosity, as the doom of the 
"games won and games lost" system is already sealed and in a 
very short time this will be but a disquieting memory — a night- 
mare of past seasons. 

PROBLEMS. 

(99) Pitcher removed in eighth with score 5 to 3 in his favor, two out 
and bases filled. Next batter makes a hit and ties score. Game is finally 
won by first pitcher's team, 6 to 5. 

(100) First pitcher has pitched six innings when he is compelled to retire 
because of being hit on the arm by opposing pitcher while at bat. Score is 

3 to 2 in his team's favor when he retires. Second pitcher allows one run 
in seventh inning, tying the score, and worked until the fourteenth inning, 
when his team won, 4 to 3. 

(loi) Pitcher who first worked is ordered out of game by the umpire at 
the end of the sixth inning, with score 2 to o in his favor. Second pitcher 
works until the end of the ninth, when he retires with score 2 to 2. Third 
pitcher works for two innings and game ends 3 to 2 in his favor. 

(102) First pitcher was taken out at end of fourth inning, with score 4 
to o against him. Second pitcher succeeds in having score tied in eighth 
inning, but his team eventually loses, 9 to 5. 

(103) First pitcher is taken out at end of second inning with score 2 to o 
in his favor. Second pitcher works for seven innings and final score is 5 to 
I in his favor. 

(104) First pitcher retires at end of third inning with score 4 to 3 in 
his favor. Second pitcher works for six innings and final result is 7 to 5 
in his favor. 

(105) First pitcher retires at end of sixth inning with score 3 to 2 against 
him. Second pitcher retired by umpire during eighth inning with score 5 to 

4 in his favor. Third pitcher works remainder of game, which ends 6 to 5 
against him. 

(106) First pitcher retires at end of fifth with score i to o in his favor. 
Second pitcher retires at end of seventh with score 3 to i against him. 
Third pitcher finished game, which results 4 to 3 in his favor. 

(107) First pitcher retires in middle of sixth, with score 4 to 3 in his 
favor. Only one is out and two runners are en bases. Both runners score 
before side is retired. Game is finally won, 7 to 5. 

(108) First pitcher is retired at end of first inning with score 9 to o in 
his team's favor. Second pitcher finished full game, final score 14 to 8 in 
his favor. 

(109) First pitcher retired in middle of first inning with score 3 to o 
against him. Second pitcher retires at end of eighth with score 14 to 3 in 
his favor. Third pitcher pitches last inning and game ends 14 to 6 in his 
favor. 



56 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRABY. 



ABRUPT TERMINATIONS 

Occasionally the scorer finds himself up against the unusual 
problem of whether to include or omit from the score the hap- 
penings of the uncompleted portion of the last inning or half- 
inning, when play has been abruptly stopped mid-inning by the 
elements, or by previous agreement. 

A "regulation" game is supposed to naturally extend at least 
nine full innings, but in case the home team — almost invariably 
the last team at bat — has made more runs in its eight turns at 
bat than its opponents have in their nine, the eight and one-half 
innings are conceded to be a full nine-inning game. Should the 
nine complete innings be played and the two teams remain a tie, 
it is customary to continue play until one team or the other 
forges ahead on even innings, or the umpire decrees that play is 
no longer advisable. Though tie games can not, of course, count 
as games won or lost in the cumulative standing of tearns, every 
act is retained in the permanent record of the players taking part. 
The detailed score of a tie game is just as important from the 
scorer's standpoint as that obtained from one that goes to a 
definite decision. 

The game may not last nine, or even eight and one-half in- 
nings and yet be regarded as ''regulation." "No game" is de- 
clared if a contest is less than five full innings' duration, or — 
taking into account the same principle that shortens the nine- 
inning game to eight and one-half — unless four and one-half 
innings have been played. 

The third provision of Rule 22 makes it possible to stop a 
game before the minimum of five, or four and one-half innings, 
has been reached, "if the game be called by the umpire, on ac- 
count of darkness, rain, fire, panic or for other causes which put 
patrons or players in peril." In case of abrupt stoppage before 
the game has extended the legal limit, the umpire must postpone 
play for a maximum of 30 minutes. If in his judgment play can 
proceed then, or at any time previous to that limit, well and 
good. If not, the contest is over. 

The scorer need not preserve any record of games that do not 
extend to the regulation limit. Should a game last for four and 
two-thirds innings under conditions that make it necessary for 
five full innings to be played, it is "no game" and the individual 
records taken are not made permanent. It is the "regulation" 
game that ends abruptly mid-inning or during or at the end of 
the first half of an inning that calls for discretion as to whether 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57 

the record made since the conclusion of the last even inning shall 
be erased or shall remain as it stands. 

The general and only rule on the subject is Rule 25, which 
reads as follows : 

If the umpire calls the game in accordance with 
Rule 22, Section 3, at any time after five innings 
have been completed, the score shall be that of the 
last equal innings played, except that if the side 
second at bat shall have scored in an unequal num- 
ber of innings or before the completion of the un- 
finished inning, at least one more than the side 
first at bat, the score of the game shall be the total 
number of runs each team has made. 
Concisely, this means that if the side last at bat is ahead when 
the game is called, even though the team has not had its com- 
plete turn at bat, the score is retained up to the last second of 
play. Conversely, if the team last at bat is behind in the com- 
parative score, all of the unfinished inning is wiped off the slate. 
It has been the custom, however, to construe the rules broadly 
enough to include a tie. That is, if the team last at bat suc- 
ceeds in tying the score during the portion of the inning played, 
the score shall remain a tie and every individual record stands, 
rather than to allow the score to revert to the last even innings, 
if such reversion would cause the team last at bat to lose. 

PROBLEMS. 

(no) First team at bat scored one run in early part of game, and com- 
pleted its half of sixth with score i to o in its favor. During last half of 
sixth team last at bat scored one run, tying score and with no one out, 
rain stopped game. 

(ill) Team first at bat had been blanked for 7 innings. Team last at bat 
began last half of seventh with score 3 to o in its favor. During seventh 
it scored one run and, with one out and three on bases, game was called by 
previous agreement to stop at a certain time. 

(112) Team first at bat begins sixth inning with score 4 to 5 against it, 
but makes three runs in its half, putting score 7 to 5 in its favor. Team 
last at bat scores no run and two are out when rain stops game. 

(113) Team first at bat has score of 3 to 2 against it at end of eighth 
inning. It scores two runs in first half of ninth, making score 4 to 3 in its 
favor at beginning of last half of ninth. Team last at bat scores one run, 
tying score, and has one runner on base with one out when rain stops play. 

(114) Team first at bat ends seventh turn at bat with score 4 to 3 in its 
favor. Team last at bat scores one run with two out in last half of seventh 
when darkness causes play to stop. 

(115) Team first at bat begins seventh inning with score 8 to o in its 
favor and adds three more runs in first half of seventh, making score 1 1 to 
o in its favor. Team last at bat scores nine runs in its half of seventh, has 
bases filled and one out when play is stopped by previous time agreement. 

(116) Team first at bat begins seventh inning with score 3 to 2 in its 
favor, adding one more run in first half of seventh, making score 4 to 2 in 
its favor. Team last at bat scores two runs, and game is called on account 
of rain, with none out and none on bases. 



58 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



MAKING UP THE BOX SCORE 

The scorer should provide himself before play begins with a 
scorer's blank book, a blank score sheet and either a fine-pointed 
fountain pen in good working order or a couple of "hard" 
pencils, well pointed. If pencils are used, it would be well to 
have handy the means of renewing a broken or dulled point. 
The scorer cannot expect to do good work mechanically with im- 
proper or inferior tools, any more than the player can do good 
work unless provided with suitable bat, glove and shoes. 

The correct Imeup of both teams and position of players should 
be learned and filled in the proper lines on the score blank before 
play begins. If two players appear with names spelled exactly 
alike, they should be distinguished by their initials or by their 
entire first names, if necessary. This is important. Do not fill 
in the names on the box score sheet until after the game is over, 
or at least until near its end, for the reason that changes may 
occur up to the last minute — changes that would jeopardize both 
neatness and accuracy were the lines already filled in. The 
scorer should be thoroughly prepared in all these details before 
the first batter comes to bat, so that he can fix his entire atten- 
tion upon the play from the time it begins until it ends. 

Scorers will find that Spalding's Official Base Ball Score Book, 
devised by Mr. Jacob Morse and the system set forth in it for 
recording plays in the briefest intelligent form, will be what he 
needs for perfect mechanical work. The scorer should go about 
his duties with the same idea as the stenographer — to record 
matters he should record in the briefest, quickest way possible 
and yet so clearly that he can refer to his records years after- 
ward and be able to detail how each player performed during that 
game at bat, on bases and at his position. 

Every base a player reaches from the time he steps up to the 
bat and either scores or is "left," must be clearly set forth. Even 
the direction in which the batsman hits the ball should be re- 
corded. Every fly ball and ground ball should be distinguished. 
Every "out" should be located and if two or more fielders have 
a hand in it, even the sequence in which those fielders figure 
should be easily comprehended. If an error occurs, not only the 
player who made the error and the particular kind of misplay — 
that is, dropped fly or throw, fumble or bad throw — but the prog- 
ress of the play up to the time the error was committed should 
be shown. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC Lir.nARY. 59 

The efficient scorer will llnd that his duties arc not light, even 
mechanically. Satished that he is correctly posted on what player 
is at every position and on what player is at bat every moment 
of the game, he should follow the course of the ball to gain a 
correct understanding of how the batsman is either retired or 
reaches first and, when one or more runners are on bases he 
should have an eye to them to note their advancement. Every 
bit of play that requires recording should be set down immedi- 
ately. Delays are dangerous for many reasons. 

Until the scorer has gained mechanical proficiency by experi- 
ence it is not advisable for him to take up the box score sheet 
until the play is entirely over. Far better at the start for him to 
concentrate his attention upon recording every detail in the score 
book and to till out the box score sheet in its entirety at his 
leisure from the score book. The first step toward simultaneous 
work of this sort may be taken in recording upon the box score 
sheet such features as extra base hits, passed balls, double or 
triple plays, first base on errors, batters given bases on balls or 
struck out, wild pitches and balks, the names of the umpires and 
the score by innings. 

Error is liable to creep in if the scorer attempts, until he has 
thoroughly mastered the art, to record on his box score sheet as 
the game progresses the times each batter has been at bat, base 
hits or runs and the number of put-outs, assists and errors for 
each fielder. Far better to leave these details for careful reckon- 
ing later, in quietude and without haste. It is not impossible for 
the expert to have his box score entirely completed with absolute 
correctness a moment after the final play, but we would advise 
that such feats should be left for occasions when necessity makes 
them compulsory. 

In the accompanying tables the endeavor has been made to 
show procedure and what should be accomplished, rather than 
any particular method of accomplishment. In order that the 
beginner may understand, all recognized expert symbols have 
been discarded and plays have been registered either by initials 
or by base numbers, with a view of calling attention to the 
proper sequence of mechanical duties. Let us go systematically 
through the course of the game indicated by plates on the fol- 
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62 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

First Inning — The scorer has, to begin with, only his blank 
page in the score book. Before the game begins he has entered 
the lineup, with the position of each man on both teams. Origin- 
ally the names of the Oriole team extended only as far as 
Adkhis. The Ex-Orioles went no farther than Hoffer's name. 
The Orioles bat first. As play is called, glance at the watch and 
note the exact time. Glance at the Ex-Orioles in the field and 
see that the positions and names are recorded correctly. Another 
glance assures that Hall is up, as should be. He strikes out. 
If you are extending your put-outs on your score book immedi- 
ately, indicate the put-out for the catcher by means of a dot. Do 
not fail to record in the summary of the box score sheet the 
credit of a strike-out for Hoffer and that it was Hall who struck 
out. Kelly makes a single to left and would have been put out 
trying to stretch the hit to a double had not Doyle dropped Kelly's 
throw. The single should be properly marked in the B. H. 
column, showing by the exponent that it was made in the first 
inning. Note that Kelly gets an assist, extending it at once, if 
you are pursuing that method, by means of the regulation dot. 
Extend also immediately the error against Doyle, indicating by 
the exponent that it occurred in the first inning and by the 
"D-T" that it was a dropped throw. O'Hara scratches in front 
of the plate, permitting the catcher to 'field the ball to the third 
baseman, who puts out Kelly going up from second. O'Hara is 
accordingly marked as having reached first on a Force Hit, to be 
left on first when Hearne fouls out to the catcher. 

Now that the half inning is over, if you have not previously 
extended them, "post up" the put-outs and assists to the Ex- 
Orioles who made them. When you have done this, always 
prove the account by adding the total number of put-outs— in this 
case, three. Any more or any less will show that there is an 
error somewhere, which should be corrected before the next 
half-inning starts. 

As the Orioles have now taken the field, note whether each is 
stationed at the position for which he is recorded on the score 
book. See also whether Keeler is the first at bat, as recorded. 
He is "saved" by a fumble by Hunter. Mark the "hrst-on-errors" 
at the proper place in the summary of the box score sheet. Hall 
makes an unexpected catch of Gleason's difficult fly and Keeler 
is doubled up by the throw to first base. Mark the double play 
in the summary. Kelley dies, pitch to first. Credit up at once 
the put-outs and assists to the Orioles resulting from the half 
and prove by addition the correctness of the put-outs. 

Second Inning — Look over the fielding stations and at the man 
at bat for changes. For the Orioles, Hunter singles to centre, 
but is forced by Dunn's ground hit to short. Burrell singles to 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 

centre, and Dunn reaches third as the third baseman drops the 
throw of the centrefielder, relayed by the shortstop. As this is 
• another of those apt-to-be-overlooked cases of uneffective as- 
sists, the centrefielder and shortstop would better be credited an 
assist at once, also charging the error against Reitz. Beach 
forces Burrell, second to short and soon afterward Dunn is 
caught between third and the plate, on an attempted double 
steal, catch, to pitch, to third, to catch. Note that the catcher 
gets an assist, and a put-out also on the same play, and that 
Beach, even though he probably succeeded in reaching second 
base, is not to be credited with a stolen base, but is regarded 
as having been left on first. Extend your put-outs and the assists 
not already extended, making sure that the total put-outs tally 
six. Examine each position as the teams change to see that no 
substitutions have been made. 

Doyle, the first batter up, draws four balls and is sacrificed to 
second by Brodie, who bunts to third and is thrown out at first. 
Reitz grounds out, second to first, advancing Doyle to first, 
where he is left on Clark's ground out, short to first. As soon 
as Brodie made his sacrifice hit, it should have been credited to 
him in the summary of the box-score sheet, where the base on 
balls to Doyle had been just previously set down. There remains 
now to extend the three put-outs and the three assists, making 
the correct tally of put-outs six to date. The runner left on base 
should also be added to the summary. 

Third Inning — Examine the fielders and the batsman for 
changes as usual. Adkins begins by bunting safely toward third 
and he is sacrificed to second by Hall, who goes out first to 
second, who covers the bag. Kelly strikes out. (Place both 
sacrifice and strike-out in the summary at once.) O'Hara gets 
four balls (Charge Hoffer a base on balls in the summary), but 
is forced by Hearne. Add the two men left on bases at the 
proper place in the summary and credit the put-outs and assists. 
There should be nine put-outs to date. 

For the Ex-Orioles Robinson opens with a single to centre 
and Hoffer sacrifices. (Credit the sacrifice in the surnmary at 
once.) Keeler singles to left, sending Robinson to third, from 
where he scores and Keeler takes second, on a passed ball. 
(Charge Hearne with a passed ball at once in the summary.) The 
next two men strike out. Add the one man left and extend the 
put-outs, noting that the total put-outs must be nine. Do 
not overlook the necessity for crediting Adkins with the two 
strike-outs he has earned. 

Fourth Inning — Don't forget to look over the various stations 
for changes. Hunter starts on a hit by a pitched ball. Charge 
this at once against the pitcher in the summary. Dunn sacrifices. 



64 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

which also should be recorded in the summary at once. Burrell 
hits to the shortstop, whose throw to third puts out Hunter, 
trying to advance. Burrell steals second (credit the stolen base- 
at once in the summary) and reaches third on Beach's short 
single to centre. Both are left as they stand, when Adkins 
grounds out to the pitcher, who throws to first. Tab up the 
two men left on bases, extend the three additional put-outs and 
the assist, noting that the total put-outs must number 12. 

Look over the various positions, as usual. For the Ex- 
Orioles, Doyle strikes out (put it in the summary at once), 
Brodie grounds to the pitcher and is thrown out at first. Reitz 
gets a base on balls (charge it in the summary at once) only to 
be caught trying to steal. Extend the three put-outs and the 
two assists, noting whether the total number of put-outs is 
still correct. 

Fifth inning. As usual keep the eyes doing sentinel duty so 
as to note any fielding changes the moment made. Hall begins 
by scratching safely toward second, but is caught trying to steal. 
Kelly is easy, second to first, and, though O'Hara singles to 
centre, he is also caught trying to steal. Extend the three put-outs 
and assists, making the correct total of put-outs now 15. 

Look at the Orioles as they take their positions. The Ex- 
Orioles go out in one-two-three order, without any feature of 
note. 

The beginning of the sixth inning rewards the vigilance of 
the scorer in watching for changes in fielding positions. Gleason 
and Doyle have changed places. Though often done, the scorer 
should not confuse the field chances of either man in one of 
his positions with the chances of the same man in the other 
position. In other words, Doyle, second baseman, is to all 
intents and purposes another individual when he becomes Doyle, 
shortstop. The careful scorer will accordingly see that when 
one fielder occupies more than one fielding position durnig the 
same game his put-outs, assists and errors are kept separated 
for each position so occupied. It can best be done on the score 
book by dividing the space allotted to the fielder as in the ac- 
companying plate. Hearne, batting first, is passed on four balls 
(charge against pitcher in summary) only to be forced by 
Hunter. Hunter is also forced, as Dunn sends a short fly into 
right that seems likely to 'be caught. That the ball dropped 
safely does not give Dunn a safe hit, for Hunter is easily forced 
at second by the right fielder's throw at that base. Burrell flies 
to right. Tab up the one runner left and extend the three new 
put-outs, and the new assists, making 18 put-outs in all. 

For the Ex-Orioles, Keeler dies on a grounder to short, 
Gleason bunts safely toward third and goes to second on Kelley's 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 

out, third to first. Doyle comes up with a three-bagger (mark 
down a three-base hit for Doyle in the summary at once), scor- 
ing Gleason. Doyle himself scores on Brodie's bunt toward 
third — so unexpected that it proved the effective thing. Brodie 
is later caught trying to steal. Extend the put-outs and assists. 

Seventh inning. Beach pops a fly to Hoffer. Adkins is given 
a life when Brodie drops a fly in his direction. (Put down at 
once the error for Brodie, indicating the dropped fly and also 
record the "first on error" in the summary. Adkins takes sec- 
ond on a balk, which should be charged against the pitcher in 
the summary immediately. Hall grounds out, short to first, 
but fails to advance Adkins. Adkins scores, however, on Kel- 
ly's three-bagger to left. (Credit Kelly with a three-base hit 
in the summary at once.) O'Hara follows with a single to left, 
that scores Kelly. Hearne's short single to right only gets 
O'Hara as far as second and both are left in their tracks when 
Hunter grounds out to first, unassisted. Add the two men left 
on bases and extend the three new put-outs and assists. The 
total put-outs should now be 21. 

The Ex-Orioles' half presents no feature of special note. 

Dunn opens the first half of the eighth with a single to left 
and takes second on a wild pitch. (Charge up the wild pitch.) 
Burrell doubles to centre, scoring Dunn. The two-base hit should 
be credited to Burrell in the summary at once. A passed ball 
puts Burrell on third (charge up the passed ball) before Beach 
draws four balls (charge against Hoffer at once). Adkins singles 
to right, scoring Burrell and sending Beach to third. Hall draws 
four balls (charge Hoffer in the summary), which moves Ad- 
kins along to second and Kelly's sacrifice fly scores Beach and 
allows Adkins to reach third on the throw-in. Credit for the 
sacrifice fly should be given Kelly in the summary at once. 
O'Hara and Hall are doubled and the double play should be 
recorded in the summary at once. Add the one man left on 
base and extend the three put-outs and the assists. The put- 
outs now total 24, if correctly extended. 

Keeler opens with a two-bagger to right, which should be 
set down in the summary at once. Gleason is given^ four balls 
and a double steal ensues. Burchell replaces Adkins in the 
box. The scorer should indicate how many runners are on 
bases and on what bases they are, when the change of pitchers 
occurs mid-inning. In this case the "X" indicates that Keeler 
was on third and Gleason on second when Burchell stepped to 
the mound. Burchell, in endeavoring to catch Keeler off third 
base, throws just badly enough to allow Keeler to score and 
thereby gets an error, even though Gleason, trying to gain third 
on the play, is out. The next two batsmen strike out, which 
should be put to Burchell's credit in the summary. 



66 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

The last inning for the Orioles starts out with a safe scratch 
to the pitcher by Hearne, and he scores when Hunter places 
a home run in far right iield. Credit Hunter with a home run 
in the summary immediately. Dunn is hit by the pitcher (charge 
Hoffer in the summary). Burrell flies to centre. Beach grounds 
out to first, unassisted, allowing Dunn to advance to second. 
Burchell gets four balls and, with Dunn, a double steal is exe- 
cuted. (Charge the base on balls and credit the stolen bases in 
the summary.) While Hall is at bat, Robinson muffs a foul 
fly and is charged with an error at once, even though Hall 
is put on the next ball delivered, third to first. Credit the put- 
outs and assists, noting that the correct number of put-outs must 
be 27. Add in, also, the two runners left on bases, 

Brodie begins the last half inning of the game with a base 
on balls, which should be charged at once against Burchell, as 
should also the wild pitch that allows Brodie to reach second. 
Reitz strikes out and it should be credited to Burchell at once, 
even though Hearne drops the ball and is compelled to make 
the throw to first. Clarke hits to Beach, who makes a bad throw, 
allowing Brodie to score and Clarke to reach third. Extend 
the error at once and charge the balk which allows Clarke to 
score, at once against Burchell. Robinson gets four balls — 
another charge to be made at once against Burchell. Hoffer 
should bat next, but he drops out in order to allow Brouthers 
to come up. Brouthers drives the ball between first and second, 
but Robinson, who is running down, cannot avoid being hit by 
the ball and is automatically out. The play has to be "starred." 
In other words, no fielder can be given the pmt-out, and the 
total number of put-outs for that side must remain one short 
in consequence. It must also be remembered by the scorer that 
Brouthers receives credit for a safe hit — a single — under the 
circumstances. A base on balls to Keeler (don't forget to 
charge it and the wild pitch that follows). Brouthers is now 
on third and Keeler on second. Gleason hits the ball into the 
right-field bleachers. As the score is 7 to 6 when this feat is 
performed, only two more runs are necessary to win, which 
are scored when Keeler crosses the plate from second base. 
Gleason, therefore, can only get credit for a two-base hit, as 
the game ends when he has touched second base and he has 
thus driven Keeler ahead of him, as it were, two bases — the dis- 
tance required to cross the plate with the winning run. Note 
the moment play is over by the same watch used previously and 
record elapsed time. The one put-out of the half should be 
extended and the score-sheet will be short two of the regular 
number of put-outs — one for the runner hit by the batted ball 
and the other because but two were out when the winning run 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 

crossed the plate. A foot-note covering both unusual features 
must be made, as well as another note that Brouthers batted for 
Hoffer in the ninth inning. 

The scorer will now find that his extensions can be readily 
made. Running across the work of each batter, he can distin- 
guish at a glance whether the batsman should not be charged 
technically with a time at bat. Keeler's base on balls in the 
ninth cuts his total down to four. Gleason's base on balls in 
the eighth has the same effect. Kelly's goes as it stands, but 
Doyle's base on balls reduces his total to three. Brodie's total 
is reduced to two by reason of a sacrifice and a base on balls, 
and so down the list. Add the extensions and prove whether 
the work is correct in a very simple way. The total of the 
at-bat column must equal the actual number of times the bat- 
ters of each team have been at bat, less the total of the passes 
and sacrifices recorded. If it does not, the error is in either 
the times at bat, or in the sacrifice hits or other particular ex- 
emptions. In this case, for instance, the entire nine batsmen 
show that each was actually at bat 4 times — or 36 — and two 
over — 38 in all to face the pitcher. The exemptions are sacri- 
fices, bases on balls and hit-by-pitched ball. We find that Adkins 
and Burchell together allowed 6 passes and that two sacrifices 
were made by the batsmen under consideration — in all, 8 ex- 
emptions. Deducting 8 from 38, we have 30, the number of at- 
bats already figured, out. So it is safe to believe that there is 
no error. 

So, to prove the correctness of the at-bat figures for the 
other team, we find that the nine men were at bat five times each 
and one over — total, 46. The passes are two hit batsmen, 5 bases 
on balls and 3 sacrifices — a total of 10. Deducting 10 from 46, 
we have 36, the number already found by extension. 

The extension of the runs is a simple proposition, but the 
scorer should not, through carelessness, allow the footing of the 
run columns to differ from the extensions of his runs-by-innings 
in another part of the box score sheet. The base hits should 
be already in shape to foot up, as they have been extended at the 
time each was made by the batsman. The put-outs are in the 
form of dots, In each player's space. Add up the dots in each 
space and mark the result in plain figures. Perform the same 
office with the assists. The errors should already be in shape, 
just as the safe hits. 

The scorer is now ready to transfer the results of his score 
book to the box score sheet, but before doing so he may as 
well prove one other feature susceptible of proof — the number 
of runners left on bases. The scorer should have a record of 
the runners left on bases, either on his score book or qn his box 



68 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRART. 

score sheet, jotted down at the close of each half inning. To 
prove whether his work is correct, take the number of actual 
(not technical) batsmen as already found and subtract the sum 
of the put-outs and runs scored. For instance : The Orioles had 
46 men actually at bat, as was ascertained previously. They 
made 7 runs and 27 of them were put out — a total of 34 men 
accounted for. Deducting 34 from 46, we find that 12 must have 
been left on bases. Taking up the other side, 38 men faced 
the pitcher. Eight of these crossed the plate, and 26 were put 
out — 34 in all — leaving 4 who must have remained stranded on 
bases. The box score sheet should appear like the accompanying 
one on the opposite page when completed. 

It will be noted that two lines are used for the one player 
when he has had to switch from one position to the other, as 
Gleason and Doyle in this game. The only other thing neces- 
sary to impress is the necessity of care in copying. In the 
matter of the pitchers' summary, for instance, in an eight and 
one-half-inning game, the scorer who is careless will allow 
himself to say that each pitcher has pitched 9 innings when one 
has pitched but 8, So when two or more pitchers appear for 
one or both of the two teams, the scorer should take care that 
the total of the work of the two or more pitchers is exactly the 
total of the various corresponding items as they appear in the 
"box" above, or in the summary beneath. 

In transcribing from the score book, set down the figures for 
each player, but do not copy the totals. Rather make the addi- 
tions independently from the figures copied, thus giving a check 
on the correctness of the transcription. Be sure especially that 
the put-outs total the required number for a game of the length 
the score by innings indicates, and, if they do not, see that the 
reason is adequately explained by the foot-notes. 

If the game is shortened for any reason, a foot-note should 
explain why. 



OFFICIAL SCORE 

f)f Game of Base Ball for the Championship of the- „ _, ,™.™™„^Leagu«k 

Played in the City of_^??«;;<^p»t-(Mu^ on <iivWW'/<J,/^<>r' 



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* Batltd (or y-Ar^f/c^ m >t<;»V/^ ,„„;„,., 
tNo. men out when winning run icored ; ^c^ 



SCORE BY INNINGS: 





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relieved ; No. men out : 



Earned Runt— ^ 






Fir.t Bate on Error.— ^<^Tie» ^' ^•^i'fx.t^ i_. 
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Weather Conditiona— ^^a-o/ly, Co-^-^. 
Ground Conditioni— ^^^a-^c*-?^"* 
Time- ;?»€. >SZ*>^. 



c?S2-;/~' 



70 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



APPENDIX 

ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 



ON BASE-HITS AND ERRORS, 
(i) Charge error against shortstop. 

(2) Credit batter base-hit. 

(3) Charge third baseman an error. 

(4) Credit batsman with a hit. 

(5) Charge infielder with an error. 

(6) Credit batsman with a safe hit for as many bases as he gains. 

(7) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(8) Credit batsman with a safe hit for one base. 

(9) Charge infielder who made throw with an error. (Throws from com- 

paratively short range are supposed to be on a line. The fact that 
the ball touched the ground makes it an imperfect throw.) 
(id) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(11) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(12) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(13) Credit batsman with a safe hit. (Error of omission, for which no 
^ charge can properly be made.) 

(14) Charge second baseman with an error. 

(15) Charge fielder who dropped ball with an error. 

(16) Charge catcher an error immediately. 

(17) Charge pitcher with a base on balls and a wild pitch, but no other 

form of error. 

(18) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(19) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(20) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(21) Batsman does not get credit for a safe hit. 

(22) Neither safe hit nor error is to be recorded. 

(23) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(24) Credit batsman with a two-base hit. 

(25) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(26) Credit batsman with a safe hit. (Put-out at first is illegal, as ball 

is dead from the moment it strikes the umpire.) 

(27) (a) No error, (b) Charge shortstop with an error. 

ON SACRIFICE HITS AND FLIES. 

(28) Not a sacrifice, but a safe hit and time at bat. 

(29) (a) Sacrifice fly. (b) Sacrifice fly. 

(30) Not a sacrifice hit. Charge batsman a time at bat. Runner advances 

from first to second on the put-out. 

(31) Not a sacrifice hit, as batsman sw^ung hard at the ball. 

(32) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 

(33) Not a sacrifice fly, as no runner scored. 

(34) Not a sacrifice fly, as runner failed to score. 

(35) Sacrifice hit for the batsman. 

(36) (a) Not a sacrifice hit. (b) Not a sacrifice hit. Charge error to the 

shortstop. 

(37) Credit batsman with a safe hit. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 71 

ON FIELDER'S CHOICE AND FORCE HIT. 

(38) Batsman reaches first and runner scores on fielder's choice. 

(39) Runner forced at second on a force hit, batsman reaching first on 

the play. 

(40) Batsman reaches first on the force hit. 

(41) Batsman reaches first on the force hit and no error is charged. 

(42) Batsman reaches first on the force hit. 

(43) Unlike the five cases immediately preceding, is not necessarily a 

fielder's choice, depending upon whether the fly was dropped inten- 
tionally or unintentionally. It makes no difference, however, as no 
error is scored and the batsman reaches first on the force hit. 

(44) Very liberal scoring will make this a safe hit for the batsman. Very 

strict scoring would allow nothing but a fielder's choice to account 
for both bases advanced. The medium course would be to allow 
the batsman a sacrifice hit, exempting him from a time at bat. 

(45) As in the immediately preceding case, very liberal scoring would allow 

the batsman a safe hit. Unlike that case, however, there is no 
chances to allow the batsman a sacrifice hit and the -only other 
course is to score both runners as advancing on a fielder's choice, 
charging the batsman a time at bat. The first alternative presented 
is desirable in this case. 

(46) Fielder's choice on which batsman should be credited with a sacrifice 

hit. 

ON PUT-OUTS AND ASSISTS. 

(47) Give third baseman and shortstop an assist each and second baseman 

a put-out. 

(48) Credit shortstop, third baseman, catcher, second baseman and pitcher 

with an assist each and credit shortstop with the put-out also. 

(49) Both runner and batsman are safe. As ball struck fielder before 

striking base runner, this is not a case of ball striking a base runner. 

(50) Give catcher credit for a put-out and credit pitcher with a strike-out. 

The batsman is technically out on the foul and not the fly catch. 
(Si) Runner advancing from first to second is out, second baseman getting 
credit for the put-out. 

(52) (a) Credit outfielder an assist and shortstop a put-out. In this case 

the outfi.elder does not get charged with an error, (b) Charge out- 
fielder an error for allowing batsman to reach first base. Then' 
credit outfielder with an assist and shortstop with a put-out for 
making the play at second base. 

(53) Credit pitcher with a put-out. (This play is cited because some 

scorers are erroneously imbued with the idea that when a fielder 
fields the ball and has to run to his opponent to touch him out, or 
has to run to a base to make a force out he is entitled to both an 
assist and a put-out. The plea is ingenious and not without a 
certain degree of plausibility, but cannot be allowed.) 

(54) (a) Credit catcher with the put-out. Though ball may be picked up by 

the first baseman, he cannot make the put-out. (b) Credit player 
with the put-out. 

(55) No. 3 can legally finish No. 4's turn at bat, beginning his attempt with 

two strikes and two balls. 

(56) Right fielder should be charged with an error, as he was at fault in 

not making the put-out at the first opportunity offered. Right 
fielder should next be credited with an assist and first baseman 
charged with an error. 

(57) Batsman is credited with a safe hit and base runner is out. Foot- 

note should be made stating that (insert name of runner) 

was out, hit by 's (insert name of batsman) batted ball in 

inning. 

(58) Play stands as recorded, in every respect, and error has not been 

discovered in time to demand a penalty. No. 5's record on book 
remains blank for the turn. 



?^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

(59) Technical infield fly and batsman is out. Credit first baseman with 

the put-out. 

(60) Credit with an assist each the shortstop, catcher, third baseman, pitcher 

and first baseman. Charge third baseman an error for not com- 
pleting the play by reason of dropping the ball. Next credit the 
third baseman with a put-out for making the new and separate play 
of putting out the runner who has advanced from second and is 
illegally attempting to hold base already pre-empted by the farther 
advanced runner. 

ON TIIIES AT BAT. 

(61) A scratch cannot be a sacrifice and even though runner advances, 

batsman must be charged with a time at bat. 

(62) Runner is not advanced, batsman cannot be credited with a sacrifice 

hit, and is consequently not exempt from a time at bat. 

(63) Batsman must be cliarged with a time at bat, as a sharp-hit ball 

cannot be a sacrifice hit. 

(64) Credit batsman with a sacrific fly and exempt him from a time at bat. 

Left fielder is not charged with an error, as he retrieves his prac- 
tical error by forcing runner at second. 

(65) Credit batsman with a sacrifice hit and exempt him from a time 

at bat. 

(66) Not a sacrifice hit, and batsman must be charged a time at bat. It 

is a plain force and the runner advances from first to second on 
the put-out. 

(67) Credit the batsman with a sacrifice hit and exempt him from a time 

at bat. 

(68) Credit batsman with a sacrifice hit and exempt him from a time 

at bat. 

(69) Individual judgment must govern a case of this kind. The liberal 

scorer will call it a sacrifice hit and exempt the batsman from a 
time at bat. The shortstop will not be given an error. Less lib- 
eral scorers will call the play a force, charge the shortstop with 
an error and charge the batsman a time at bat. The first-named 
procedure should have the preference. 

(70) Batsman takes first on the catcher's interference and is exempt fron^ 

the charge of a time at bat. 

(71) Not a sacrifice hit, as no runner scores from third. Batsman should 

be charged with a time at bat. 

ON SCORING RUNS. 

(72) Run does not count. 
{72) Run does not count. 

(74) Run counts. 

(75) Run counts. 

(76) Run counts. 
{77) Run counts. 

(78) Run does not count. 

(79) Runner cannot score unless second and first bases were also occu- 

pied when batsman hit the ball. 

(80) Run counts and all runners are compelled to advance one base. 

(81) Run will not be permitted to score. 

ON DOUBLE PLAYS AND STOLEN BASES. 

(82) Double play. 

(83) Double play. 

(84) Double play. 
(80 Double play. 

(86) Double play. • 

(87) Not a double play. 

(88) Double play. 



SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



73 



(89) Stolen base. 

(90) Not a stolen base. Runner advances on the out. 

C91) Not a stolen base. Charge the shortstop with an error and credit the 
catcher with an assist. 

(92) Not a. stolen base. 

(93) Not a stolen base. Runner advances on the fly-out. 

(94) Stolen base and error for the catcher, 

(95) Not a stolen base. Runner advances two bases on the safe hit. 

(96) Neither runner is credited with a stolen base. 

(97) Neither runnsr is credited with a stolen base. They advance on tlie 

passed ball. 

(98) Runner who scores is not credited with a stolen base. lie scores on 

the put-out following the attempted steal of runner on first. 

ON CREDIT OR CHARGE OF PITCHERS. 

(99) Credit second pitcher. 

(100) Credit second pitcher. ^ 

(loi) Credit third pitcher. 

(102) Charge second pitcher. 

(103) Credit first pitcher. 

(104) Credit second pitcher. 

(105) Charge third pitcher. 

(106) Credifthird pitcher. 

(107) Credit second pitcher. 

(108) Credit first pitcher. 

(109) Credit second i)itcher. 

ON ABRUPT TERMINATIONS, 
(no) Game stands i to i tie. Records remain up to the last moment of 

play, 
(in) Game ends wiih score 4 to 3. Records remain up to the last moment 

of play. 

(112) Game ends with even fifth inning, score 5 to 4 in favor of last team 

at bat. All records during sixth inning must be erased. 

(113) Game ends with even seventh inning, score 3 to 2 in favor of team 

last at bat. All records made during eighth inning must be 
erased. 

(114) Game ends a 4 to 4 tie. All records are retained up to the last 

moment of play. 
(lis) Game ends with even sixth innning, score 8 to o in favor of team 

first at bat. All records made in seventh inning must be erased. 
(116) Game ends 4 to 4 tie. All records are retained up to the last moment 

of play. 




1, Zimmerman, Chicago, leading batter, most home runs and two-base hits; 

2, Hendrix, Pittsburgh, greatest percentage of victories: 3, Tesreau, New 
York, lowest average of runs earned off pitchers (a new record, see page 149); 
4, Carey, Pittsburgh, most sacrifice hits and leading outfielder; 5, Bescher. 
Cincinnati, leader in stolen bases and most runs. 6, Wilson, Pittsburgh, leader 
in three-base hits; 7, Egan, Cincinnati, leading second baseman; 8, Daubert, 
Brooklyn, leading first baseman; 9, Wagner, Pittsburgh, leading shortstop; 
10, Lobert, Philadelphia, leading third baseman; 11, Meyers. New York, lead- 
ing catcher. Photos by Conlon. 
NATIONAL LEAGUE PLAYERS IN THE SPALDING BASE BALL 

HALL OF FAME. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. "^ ' 

SPALDING'S 
SIMPLIFIED BASE BALL RULES 

Simplified Rase Ball rules have been prepared by Mr. A. G. 
Spalding of New York and Chicago, who is the recognized 
authority on the National Game. They are of great assistance 
to beginners as well as to veterans. Based on the Official 
Playing Rules, as published in Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide, they state in condensed form all the technicalities that 
must be observed in the sport without the somewhat dry and 
formal wording which is necessarily employed by the rule 
makers to state each fact with great explicitness. 

The Ball Ground 

Base. Ball is played upon a level field, upon which is out- 
lined a square, which is known as the infield or "diamond." 
The term "diamond," in a broader sense, is also frequently 
used in the United States to apply to the entire playing field. 
Literally, however, the "diamond" is the infield proper. 

The infield is bounded by the base-running paths, which 
extend from base to base. The bases are placed at right 
angles to. each other, on each corner of the "diamond." at 
Intervals of ninety feet beginning from the home plate. Thus, 
first base must be ninety feet from home plate, second base 
ninety feet from first base, third base ninety feet from second 
base and also ninety feet from the home plate, thus completing 
a perfect square. 

The territory which lies behind third base, second base and 
first base, beyond the infield and within the lines defining fair 
ground and also without these lines, is known as the outfield. 
All that portion of the field outside of the base lines that 
extend from home plate to first base and from home plate to 
third base, all territory behind the home plate and all terri- 
tory outside of straight lines reaching from the outside corner 
of third and first bases indefinitely to the outfield is foul 
ground. 

Sometimes it is impossible for boys who desire to play Base 
Ball to obtain a field suflSciently large for the regulation 
diamond, whose dimensions have previously been stated, and 
in such cases an effort should always be made to place the 
bases at equal distances from each other in order that the 
symmetry of the diamond and the correct theory of the game 
may be preserved. Players of yoimger years may find that a 
smaller diamond adds more enjoyment to their amusement, 
since they are better able to cover the ground in fielding the 
ball in a smaller area and do not become so fatigued by running 
the bases when the latter are stationed at their full legal dis- 
tance from each other. 

The bases, except home plate, are best constructed of canvas 
bags filled with sawdust. Home plate should be of whitened 
rubber, whenever it is possible to obtain it. Some cruder sub- 
stance may be used for bases if nothing else is obtainable, but 
it is best to follow the suggestions given. First, second and 
third bases should be attached to pegs driven in the groimd, 
and home plate should be sunk so that its upper surface is on 
a level with the surface of the ground. 

The pitcher's position on a diamond of regulation size Is 
located sixty and five-tenths fe€t from home plate, and on a 




"PLAY BALL." 

The A. G. Spalding Bronze Championship Trophy for Public Schools 
Athletic Leagues. 
The above group is executed in bronze, the figures being 18 inches high, 
and was presented to the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New 
York by Mr. A. G. Spalding as a perpetual trophy for annual competition 
between the elementary schools of Greater New York, the winning school 
to have custody of the statuette for one year. In the first competition, 
held in 1905, 103 schools were entered, the winner being Public School 46, 
Manhattan; Public School 10, Brooklyn, won in 1906 and again in 1907; 
Public School 9 of Brooklyn won it in 1908, Public School 28, Borough of 
the Bronx, in 1909 and 1910; Public School 152, Brooklyn, in 1911, and 
Public School 77, Brooklyn, in 1912. The offer was subsequently extended, 
by request, to other large cities where regularly organized Public Schools 
Athletic Leagues exist. San Francisco holds a contest yearly, as does 
also New Orleans and Cleveland. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

straight line, extending from home plate to the center of second 
base. It, too, should be denoted by a plate of whitened rubber 
to be sunk until its upper surface is on a level with the surface 
of the field. This plate should be the shape of a parallelo- 
gram twenty-four inches long by six inches wide, with the 
longer sides of the parallelogram at right angles to home 
plate. 

If a diamond smaller than the regulation size be used, the 

pitcher's position should be relatively closer to home plate. 

(For detailed description of laying out a "diamond" see 

Rules Nos. 1 to 13, inclusive, of Spalding's Official 

Base Ball Guide.) 

The Ball 

The Spalding Official National League Ball is used in regula- 
tion games, but for players fifteen years of age or younger, the 
Spalding Official "National League Junior" ball, made the 
same as the National League Ball, only slightly smaller in 
size, should be used, for it better fits the boy's hand and pre- 
vents straining the arm in throwing. 

(See Rule No. 14 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 

The Redulation Bat 

The Bat must always be round and not to exceed 2% inches 
in diameter at the thickest part. Spalding Trade Mark Bats 
are made to suit all ages and physiques, and are strictly in 
accordance with official regulations. 

(See Rule No, 15 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 

Regulation Gloves and Mitts 

The catcher or first baseman may wear a glove or mitt of 
any size, shape or weight. Every other player is restricted to 
the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over ten oimces and 
measuring not over fourteen inches around the palm. Spalding's 
Trade Marked Gloves and Mitts are regulation weight and size 
and are used by all champion players. 

(See Rule No. 20 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 



Players' Uniforms 



Games played by players not clad in a regular uniform are 
called "scrub" games and are not recorded as "match" games. 
Every club should adopt a regular uniform, not only to enable 
the players to play properly and with comfort, but to distm- 
guish one team from the other. 

(See Rule No. 19 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 



Players' Benches 



All ball grounds should be provided with two players' benches 
back of and on each side of the home plate. They must be not 
less than twenty-five feet outside of the coachers' lines. The 
coachers may not go within fifteen feet of the base lines. Each 
team should occupy one of these benches exclusively, and their 
bats and accoutrements should be kept near the bench. 

(See Rule No. 21 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 




"SLIDING TO SECOND." 
Bronze Trophy presented by Mr. A. G. Spalding in 1908 to the Public 
Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, to be competed for annu- 
ally by the High Schools in that organization.. The first winner was 
Commercial Hiih School, Manhattan 1908; Mo"is High School won itin 
1909; Commercial High School, Brooklyn m 1910; Newtown High School. 
Queens, 1911, and Erasmus High School, Brooklyn, in 1912. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Field Rules 

No person shall be allowed upon any part of the playing 
field except the players in uniform, the manager of each side 
(and the latter not when the game is in progress, except tliat 
he is in uniform) ; the umpire and the oflBcers of the law. No 
manager, captain, or player is supposed to address the specta- 
tors. In a regular League match this' is considered a viola- 
tion of the rules. 

(See Rules Nos. 75-77 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 

Soiling and Providing Balls 

No player shall be allowed to soil a new ball prior to put- 
ting it into play. 

In League games the home team provides the ball. It is 
customary in smaller leagues to expect the home team to do 
the same. The umpire has the custody of the ball when it is 
not in play, but at the conclusion of the game the ball becomes 
the property of the winning team. 

(See Rule No. 14 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 

Number and Position of Players 

Two teams make up each contest with nine players on each 
side. The fielders are known as the pitcher, the catcher, the 
first baseman, the second baseman, the third baseman, the 
shortstop, the left fielder, the center fielder and the right 
fielder. None of these is required to occupy an exact position 
on the field, except the pitcher, who must stand with his foot 
touching the pitcher's plate when in the act of delivering the 
ball to the batter, and the catcher, who must be within the 
"catcher's space" behind the batter and within ten feet of 
home plate. Players in uniform must not occupy seats In the 
stands or mingle with the spectators. 

(See Rules Nos. 16, 17 and IS of Spalding's Official Base 
Ball Guide.) 



Substitute Players 



It is always advisable to have a sufficient number of sub- 
stitutes in uniform ready to take the field in case any player 
shall become disabled or be disqualified. 

It is the duty of the captain of each team immediately to 
announce changes of players to the umpire, and the umpire 
shall announce them to the opposing team and spectators. 

When a pitcher is taken from his position his substitute 
must continue to pitch until the batsman has reached first 
base or has been put out. 

(See Rule No. 28 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 

Choice of Innings — 
Fitness of Field for Play 

The home team has the choice of innings and determines 
whether the ground is fit for play providing it has rainea 
before the beginning of the game. If two clubs from the same 




THE A. G. SPALDING CHAMPIONSHIP "CHAIN" TROPHY PLAQUE. 
Donated by Mr. A. G. Spalding for competition between schools in regularly 
organized Public Schools Athletic Leagues where a small number of teams 
compete. Trophies were awarded to the winners in the following cities : 
Oshkosh, Wis.; Houstoa, Tex.; Racine. Wis.; San Diego, Cal.; Hartford, Conn. 




1, Eamos; 2. Alviado; 3. Alfon; 4, Dunlap, Coach; 5, Annas; 6, Peres; 
7, Salazar; 8, Manuel; 9. Ylanan. Capt. ; 10, Baclay; 11, Canete; 12, 
Pangilinan; 13, Nacoraa; 14, Espina. 

cKbu sigh school team, 

Philippine Interscholastic Champions. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

city are playing, tlie captain of tlic team on wliose ground the 
game is played has the choice of innings. 

(See Rule No. 29 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 



A Regulation Game 



The game begins with the fielders of the team losing the 
choice of innings in their respective positions. The first batter 
of the opposing team is in his "box" at home plate. This 
"box"' is a parallelogram, six feet by four, on either side of 
home plate, and six inches back from the furthest corner of 
the plate. 

If it is not possible to outline a "box" it should be remem- 
bered that the batter is never allowed to step over home plate 
to strike at the ball, and that he must not run forward toward 
the pitcher, to exceed three feet from the center of the plate, 
to strike at the ball. 

The umpire may take his position, at his option, either 
behind the pitcher or the catcher. He judges all balls and 
strikes, declares all outs, decides whether the ball is batted 
foul or fair, decides as to the legality of the pitcher's deliv- 
ery, and, in fact, has complete control of the game. His 
decisions must never be questioned, except by the captain of 
either team, and only by the latter when there is a difference 
of opinion as to the correct interpretation of the rules. 

The team at bat is allowed two coaches on the field, one 
opposite first base and the other opposite third base, but they 
must never approach either base to a distance closer than 
fifteen feet, and must not coach when there are no runners on 
the bases. 

Whenever a player is substituted on a nine he must always 
bat in the order of the man who retires from the game. A 
player may be substituted at any time, but the player whose 
place he takes is no longer eligible to take part in the contest. 

When a substitute takes the pitcher's place in the box he must 
remain there until the batsman then at bat either is retired or 

rPJiOllPS flT'Si" IiHjSP 

A game is won when the side first at bat scores fewer runs 
in nine innings than the side second at bat. This rule applies 
to games of fewer innings. Thus, whenever the side second 
at bat has scored more rims in half an inning less of play 
than the side first at bat it is the winner of the game, pro- 
vided that the side first at bat has completed five full innings 
as batsmen. A game is also won if the side last at bat scores 
the winning run before the third hand is out. 

In case of a tie game play continues until at the end of 
even innings one side has scored more runs than the other, 
provided that if the side last at bat scores the winning run 
before the third hand is out the game shall terminate. This 
latter provision applies to a regular nine-inning game. Rul- 
ings relative to drawn games and games that are called because 
of atmospheric disturbances, fire or panic will be found under 
the head of "Umpire's Duties." 

(See Rules Nos. 22-27 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 

Pitching Rules 

Before pitching the ball the pitcher must face the batsman 
with feoth feet squarely on the ground and in front of the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

pitchei''s plate. When the ball is delivered the pitcher must 
face the batter and one of his feet must be in contact with 
the pitcher's plate. Not more than one step must be taken in 
the act of delivery. 

Whenever the ball after being pitched and without striking 
the ground goes over anj' part of home plate between the knee 
and the shoulder of the batsman it must be called a strike, 
whether the batsman strikes at it or not. 

If the pitcher fails to deliver the ball over any part of the 

Elate, or if he delivers it over the plate above the shoulder or 
elow the knee and the batsman declines to strike at it, it is 
called a ball, or if the bases are unoccupied, any ball delivered 
by the pitcher while either foot is not in contact with the 
pitcher's plate shall be called a ball. 

If the ball touches the ground before it passes home plate 
and is not struck at by the batsman, it is a ball and must be 
called as such by the umpire. If struck at, it is, of course, 
recorded as a strike. 

At the beginning of each inning the pitcher is allowed to 
throw five balls to the catcher or to an inliolder for "warming- 
up" practice, the batsman refraining from occupying his posi- 
tion in the "box" at home plate. 

After the batsman steps into his position the pitcher must 
not throw the ball around the infield, except to retire a base 
runner. If he violates this rule and, in the opinion of the 
umpire, is trying to delay the game, the umpire may call a 
ball for every throw thus made. If the pitcher occupies more 
than twenty seconds in delivering the ball to the batter the 
umpire may call a ball for each offense of this nature. 

The pitcher must not make any motion to deliver the ball 
to the batsman and fail to do so, nor must he feint to throw 
to first base when it is occupied by a runner and fail to 
complete the throw. Violation of this rule constitutes a balk 
which gives all runners who are on the bases at the time an 
opportunity to advance a base each without being put out. 

A balk is also declared when the pitcher throws to any 
base to catch a runner w^ithout stepping directly toward that 
base in the act of making the throw ; when either foot of the 
pitcher is behind the pitcher's plate when he delivers the ball ; 
when he fails to face the batsman in the act of delivering the 
ball ; when neither foot of the pitcher is in contact with the 
pitcher's plate in the act of delivering the ball ; when in the 
opinion of the umpire the pitcher is purposely delaying the 
game ; when he stands in his position and makes any motion 
with any part of his body corresponding to his customary mo- 
tion when pitching and fails immediately to deliver the ball ; 
when he delivers the ball to the catcher when the latter is 
outside of the catcher's box. 

When a pitched ball, at which the batsman has not struck, 
hits the batsman before the catcher touches it, the umpire must 
call it a dead ball and no base runner can advance. The 
batsman, however, must be in his position at the time that 
the ball hits him and must make every effort to get out of 
the way of the ball if he fears that it will hit him. 

If a batsman makes a foul strike, if a foul hit Is not 
caught, if the umpire declares a dead ball, or if a fair hit ball 
touches a base runner or umpire, if the pitcher makes a balk, 
or if there is Interference with fielder or batsman, the ball is 
not in play until after it has been returned to the pitcher, 
standing in his position, and the umpire has given the word 
to resume play. No base runners may advance when the ball 
is not in play. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Whenever a person not engaged in the game touches a batted 
or thrown ball, a block follows. This must at once be an- 
nounced by the umpire, and runners shall be privileged to 
advance bases until the ball is thrown to the pitcher, standing 
in his position. After that they advance at their peril. The 
pitcher may then throw a runner out wherever he sees a 
possibility of doing so. Should a spectator retain possession 
of a blocked ball, or throw it or kick it out of the reach of 
the fielder who is endeavoring to recover it, the umpire must 
call "Time," and hold all runners at such bases as they occu- 
pied when he called "Time" until after he has permitted play 
to resume, with the ball returned to the pitcher standing in 
his position. 

(See Rules Nos. 30-37 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 



Battind Rules 



Before the game begins each captain must present the bat- 
ting order of his team to the umpire, who shall submit it to 
the captain of the other side. This batting order is followed 
throughout the game except when a player is substituted for 
another, the substitute batting in the order of the retired 
player. 

Each player of each nine must go to bat in his regular 
order unless a substitute has been authorized to take his 
place. 

After the first inning the first batter in each succeeding 
inning is the player following the man who completed his 
full time at bat in the inning before. For instance, if a 
batter has but one strike in the first inning and the third 
hand be put out while he is at bat, he becomes the first batter 
in the following inning, not having completed his full time at 
bat in the inning previous. In such case, any balls and. 
strikes called in the previous inning do not count when he 
resumes his time at bat. 

Players of the side at bat must remain on their seats on the 
players' bench except when called upon to bat, to coach, or to 
act as substitute base runners. 

No player of the side at bat except the batsman is priv- 
ileged to stand in the space behind the catcher, or to cross it 
while the pitcher and catcher are handling the ball. 

Players sitting on the bench of the side at bat must get out 
of the way of fielders who approach them while trymg to 
field a batted or thrown ball. 

Any legally batted ball that settles on fair ground (the 
infield) between home and first base, or between home and 
third base, or that bounds from fair ground to the outfield 
inside of first base, or third base, or that touches the person of 
a player or the umpire on fair ground, is a fair hit. 

A fair hit is also any legally batted ball that first falls 
on fair territory beyond first base or third base. 

Any legally batted ball that settles on foul ground is a foul 
hit, except that a ground hit, should it roll from foul to fair 
territory between first and home and thii-d and home, and 
remain there, is a fair hit. 

A ground hit that first strikes fair territory and rolls out- 
side of the foul line between first and home, or third and 
home, is a foul hit. 

Any legally batted ball that falls on foul territory beyond 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

first base, or third base, or that touches the person of a player 
or an umpire on foul ground, is a foul hit. 

A foul tip is the continuation of a strike which has merely 
been touched by the bat, shoots directly into the hands of the 
catcher and is held by him, 

A bunt hit is legally tapping the ball slowly within the 
infield by the batsman. If a foul result, which is not legally 
caught, the batsman is charged with a strike, whether it be 
the first, second or third strike. 

Any hit going outside the ground is fair or foul as the 
umpire judges its fiight at the point at which it passes beyond 
the limitations of the enclosure in which the contest takes 
place. A legal home rvm over a wall or a fence can only be 
made when the wall or fence is 235 feet from the home plate. 
This rule is not invariably followed in amateur games. 

If the batsman strikes at a pitched ball and misses it, a 
strike is called. 

If the batsman fails to strike at a pitched ball which passes 
over the plate at the proper height, a strike is called. 

A foul tip caught by the catcher is a strike. 

A foul hit, whether a fly or a ground hit, bounding to any 
part of foul ground, is a strike unless the batter has two 
strikes. After two strikes the batter may foul the ball without 
penalty unless he bunts or is caught out on a foul fly. 

All bunts rolling foul are strikes. If the batsman strikes 
at the ball and misses it, but the ball hits him, it is a strike. 

If the batsman, with either of his feet out of the batsman's 
box, hits the ball in any way it is a foul strike and the bats- 
man is out. 

If a batsman bats out of turn and it is discovered after 
he has completed his time at bat, but before the ball has been 
delivered to the succeeding batsman, the player who should 
have batted is out, and no runs can be scored, or bases be 
run, on any play made by the wrong batter. This penalty is 
not enforced unless the error has been discovered before the 
ball is delivered by the pitcher to the succeeding batsman. 

If the error is discovered while the wrong batsman is at 
bat, the proper player may take his place, but he must be 
charged with whatever balls and strikes have already been 
recorded against the wrong batsman. Whenever this happens 
the batters continue to follow each other in their regular 
order. 

Should the batsman who is declared out for batting out of 
order be the third hand out, the proper batsman in the next 
inning is the player who would have come to bat had the side 
been retired by ordinary play in the preceding inning. 

The batsman is out if he fails to take his position within 
one minute after the umpire has called for him. 

The batsman is out if a foul fly, other than a foul tip, is 
caught by a fielder, providing the latter does not use his cap, 
his protector, or any illegal contrivance to catch the ball, and 
providing the ball does not strike some object other than a 
fielder before being caught. It has been ruled that when the 
ball lodges in the catcher's protector by accident and he 
secures it before it falls to the ground, the catch is fair. This 
is a very exceptional play. 

The batsman is out whenever he attempts to hinder the 
catcher from fielding or throwing the ball, either by stepping 
outside of the lines of his position or by deliberate obstruc- 
tion. 

The batsman is out when three strikes are called and first 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

base is occupied, whether the catcher holds the ball or not, 
except there be two hands out at the time. 

The batsman is out, if, while attempting a third strike, the 
ball touches any part of his person, and base runners are not 
allowed to advance. 

Before two men are out, if the batsman pops up a fly to the 
infield with first and second, or first, second and third bases 
occupied, he is out if the umpire decides that it is an infield 
hit. The umpire shall immediately declare when the ball is 
hit whether it is an infield hit or an outfield hit. It is cus- 
tomai-y for the umpire to call the batter out in case that he 
decides it an infield hit, so that base runners may be pro- 
tected and not force each other out through the medium of a 
double play. 

The batsman is out on a bunt that rolls foul if the attempted 
bunt be made on the third strike. 

The batsman is out if he steps from one batsman's box to 
the other after the pitcher has taken his position to pitch. 

(See Rules Nos. 38-51 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 

Base Running Rules 

After the batsman makes a fair hit in which he is not put 
out he must touch first, second and third bases, and then the 
home plate in regular succession in order to score a run. 

No base runner may score ahead of the men who precedes 
him in the batting order, if that player is also a base runner. 

The batsman must run to first base immediately after mak- 
ing a fair hit, or when four balls have been called by the 
umpire, or when three strikes have been declared by the umpire. 

If the batsman is hit by a pitched ball, either on his per- 
son or clothing, and the umpire is satisfied that the batsman 
did not purposely get in the way of the ball, and that he 
used due precaution to avoid it, he is entitled to run to first 
base without being put out. 

The batsman is entitled to run to first base without being 
put out if the catcher interferes with him or tries to prevent 
him from striking at the ball. 

The batsman is entitled to first base, without being put 
out, if a fair hit ball hit either the person or clothing of an 
umpire or a base runner who is on fair ground. 

Whenever the umpire sends the batsman to first base after 
four balls have been called, or for being hit by a pitched ball, 
or because he has been interfered with by the catcher, all 
runners on bases immediately ahead of him may advance a 
base each without being put out. A runner on second or third 
base with first base unoccupied would not be considered a 
runner immediately ahead. 

Any base runner is entitled to advance one base when the 
umpire calls a balk. 

Any base runner is entitled to advance one base when the 
ball, after being delivered by the pitcher, passes the catcher 
and touchps any fence or building within ninoty feet of the 
home plate. The penalty in regard to touching a fence or 
building is frequently waived by mutual consent where the 
ground area is limited. ., , ^^ ^ ., 

If a fielder obstructs a base runner the latter may go to the 
next base without being put out, providing the fielder did not 
have the ball in his hand with which to touch the runner. 

AH base runuerg may advance three base& whenever a flelaer 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

stops or catches the ball with his cap, glove, or any part 
of his uniform detached from its proper place on his person. 

Should a thrown or pitched ball strike the person or clothing 
of an umpire on foul ground, the ball is not dead, and base 
runners are entitled to all the bases they can make. 

The base runner shall return to his base without liability 
of being put out when a foul is not legally caught, when a 
ground ball is batted foul, or when the batter illegally bats 
the ball. 

On a dead ball the runner shall return to his base without 
liability of being put out, unless it happens to be the fourth 
pitched ball to the batter, in which case, if first, or first and 
second base, or first, second and third bases be occupied, run- 
ners shall advance to the next bases in regular order. If by 
accident the umpire interferes with the catcher's throw, or a 
thrown ball hits the umpire, on fair ground, the runner must 
return to his base and is not to be put out. If a pitched 
ball is struck at by the batsman, but missed, and the ball 
hits the batsman, the runner must return to his base and 
may not be put out. If the umpire is struck by a fair hit ball 
before it touches a fielder, or the umpire declares the bats- 
man or another base runner out for interference. In any of 
the above cases the runner is not required to touch any inter- 
vening bases to reach the base to which he is legally entitled. 

If after the third strike has been called and missed by 
the catcher the then batsman attempts to hinder the catcher 
from fielding the ball, he is out. 

Any fly ball legally hit by the batsman and legally caught 
on fair or foul ground is out. 

Three strikes are out if the catcher holds the ball. In case 
he drops it, but picks it up, and touches the batsman, or 
throws it to first base, and the first baseman touches the base, 
or the batsman, before the latter can get to first base, the 
batsman is out. 

Should the batsman make a fair hit and in the last half of 
the distance between home plate and first base run more than 
three feet outside of the base line, he is out, except that he 
may run outside of the line to avoid interference with a fielder 
trying to field the ball as batted. This rule is construed rather 
liberally owing to the great speed with which runners go to 
first base. 

Whenever the runner is on the way from first to second base, 
second to third base, or third base to home plate, or in reverse 
order trying to secure the base which he has just left, he 
must keep within three feet of a direct line between bases. 
If he runs out of line to avoid being touched by a fielder, he is 
out. However, if a fielder is on the line trying to field a batted 
ball, the runner may run behind him to avoid interference, and 
shall not be called out for it. 

Interference with a fielder attempting to field a batted ball 
retires the runner, unless two fielders are after the same hit, 
and the runner collides with the one whom the umpire be- 
lieves to have had the lesser opportunity to field the ball. 

The runner is always out at any time that he may be 
touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless the runner 
is on the base to which he is legally entitled. The ball, how- 
ever, miist be held by the fielder after he has touched the 
runner. If the runner deliberately knocks the ball out of the 
fielder's hands, to avoid being put out when not on base, he 
shall be declared out. 

If a runner fails to get back to a base after a foul or fair 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

hit fly ball is caught, other than a foul tip, before the ball is 
fielded to that base and legally held, or the runner be touched 
by a fielder with the ball in his hands befone he can get back 
to the base last occupied, the runner is out, except that if the 
ball be thrown to the pitcher, and he delivers it to the batter, 
this penalty does not apply. If a base should be torn from its 
fastenings as the runner strikes it, he cannot be put out. 

If a runner is on first base, or runners are on first and 
second bases, or on first, second and third bases, and the ball 
shall be legally batted to fair ground, all base runners are 
forced to run, except in the case of an infield fly (previously 
referred to), or a long fly to the outfield. Runners may be 
put out at any succeeding base if the ball is fielded there and 
properly held, or the runners may be touched out between 
bases in the proper manner. After a foul fly is caught, or 
after a long fly to the outfield is caught, the base runners 
have the privilege of trying for the next base. 

A base runner hit by a legally batted ball in fair territory 
is out. In such case no base shall be run, unless necessitated 
by the batsman becoming a base runner. No run shall be 
scored nor shall any other base runner be put out except the 
one hit by the batted ball, until the umpire puts the ball in 
play. 

A runner who fails to touch each base in regular or reverse 
order, when a fair play is being made, is out if the ball be 
properly held by a fielder on the base that should have been 
touched, or the runner be touched out between bases by the 
ball legally held by a fielder, provided that the ball has not 
been delivered to the batsman in the meantime by the pitcher. 

If a runner fails to return to the base that he occupied 
when "Time" was called after the umpire has announced 
"Play" he is out, provided that the pitcher has not in the 
meantime delivered the ball to the batsman. 

The runner is out if he occupies third base with no ' one 
out or one out and the batsman interferes with a play that is 
being made at home plate. 

The runner is out if he passes a base runner who is caught 
between two bases. The moment that he passes the preceding 
base runner the umpire shall declare him out. 

When the batter runs to first base he may overrun that base 
if he at once returns and retouches it. An attempt to run to 
second base renders him liable to be put out. 

If, while third base is occupied, the coacher at third base 
shall attempt to fool a fielder who is making or trying to 
make a play on a batted ball not caught on the fiy, or on 
a thrown ball, and thereby draws a throw to home plate, the 
runner on third base must be declared out. 

If one or more members of the team at bat gather around 
a base for which a runner is trying, thereby confusing the 
fielding side, the runner trying for the base shall be declared 
out. 

If a runner touches home plate before another runner pre- 
ceding him in the batting order, the former loses his right to 
third base. 

(See Rules Nos. 52-57 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 



Coaching Rules 



The coachers must confine themselves to legitimate direc- 
tions of the base runners only, and there must never be more 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

than two coachers on the field, one near first base and the other 
near third base. 

(See Rule No. 58 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 



Scoring of Runs 



One run shall be scored every time that a player has made 
the legal circuit of the bases before three men are out, pro- 
vided that a runner who reaches home on or during a play 
in which the third man is forced out, or the third man is put 
out before reaching first base, the runner shall not be entitled 
to score. 

A player who makes a legal hit to fair territory is entitled 
to as many bases as he can advance without being put out. 
If a fielder is unable to get the ball home until the man has 
completed the circuit of the bases, the latter is entitled to a 
home run, provided the fielder has not made a misplay in 
handling the ball. The same rule applies to the making of a 
three-base hit, a two-base hit, or a hit for one base, which is 
also known as a single. 

A force-out can be made only when a base runner legally 
loses the right to thfe base he occupies by the batsman becoming 
a base runner and he is thereby obliged to advance. 

(See Rule No. 59 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 

Ground Rules 

Any special ground rules shall be understood by both team 
captains and the umpire, or umpires, in case there be two 
oflicials. The captain of the home club establishes the ground 
rules, but if the visiting captain objects, the matter must be left 
to the umpire, who has final jurisdiction. 

(See Rule No. 69 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) 



Umpire's Duties 



When there are two umpires, the umpire behind the plate 
is the "Umpire-in-Chief," and the umpire on the bases the "Field 
Umpire." The "Umpire-in-Chief has full charge of the game, 
makes all decisions on balls and strikes and decides all fair 
and foul hits. If a ball is hit fair, with a runner on first, 
he must go to third to make a possible decision ; with more 
than one base occupied, he decides whether a runner on third 
base leaves the base before a fiy ball is caught, and if a runner 
is caught between third and home, with more than one base 
occupied he decides on the runner nearest home plate. He, 
alone, can forfeit a game. 

The Field Umpire makes the other decisions. 

When there is but one umpire he has complete jurisdiction 
over everything. 

The umpire has the right to call a draw game, whenever a 
storm interferes, if the score is equal on the last inning played. 
Calling a "draw game" must not be confounded with calling 
"time." 

If the side second at bat is at bat when a storm breaks, 
and the game is subsequently terminated without further play, 
and this side has scored the same number of runs as the other 
side, the umpire can call the game a draw without regard to 
the score of the last equal inning. In other words, the game 
i§ a draw just as it rests. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Under like conditions if tlie side second at bat has scored 
more runs than the side tirst at bat, it shall be declared the 
w inner, all runs for both sides being counted. 

A game can be forfeited by the umpire if a team refuses to 
take the field within five minutes after he has called "Play" ; 
if one side refuses to play after the game has begun ; If, after 
the umpire has suspended play, one side refuses to play after 
he has again called "Play" ; if one side tries to delay the 
game ; if the rules are violated after warning by the umpire ; 
if there are not nine players on a team after one has been 
removed bj the umpire. The umpire has the right to remove 
players for objecting to decisions or for behaving in an un- 
gentlemanly manner. 

Only by the consent of the captain of an opposing team may 
a base runner have a player of his own side run for hiui. 

Play may be suspended by the umpire because of rain, and 
if rain falls continuously for thirty minutes the umpire may 
terminate the game. The umpire may call "Time" for any 
valid reason. 



Umpire's Authority 



Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dispute 
the accuracy of an umpire's judgment and decision on a play. 
If the captain thinks the umpire has erred in interpretation 
of the rules he may appeal to the umpire, but no other player 
is privileged to do so. 

(See Rules Nos. 60-77 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 



General Definitions 



"Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game or to 
resume it after "Time" has been called. 

"Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play tem- 
porarily, 

"Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the contest 
is terminated. 

"Inning" is the time at bat of one team and is termmated 
when three of that team have been legally put out. 

"Time at Bat" is the duration of a batter's turn against 
the pitcher until he becomes a base runner in one of the ways 
prescribed in the previous rules. In scoring a batter is exempt 
from a time at bat if he is given a base on balls, if he makes 
a sacrifice hit, if he is hit by a pitched ball, or if he !<= inter- 
fered with by the catcher. 

(See Rules Nos. 78-82 of Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide.) 



Scoring Rules 



Each side may have Its own scorer and In case of disagree- 
ment the umpire shall decide, or the captain of each team 
may agree upon one scorer for the match. 

(See Spalding's Official Base fiall Guide for the Scoring 
Rules, and Spalding's Athletic Library, No. 350 — "How 
to Score," Price 10 Cents. 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



THE SPALDINGjaiiTRADE MARK 



GUARANTE 



rDurand-Sleeli 
Lockers 





Wooden lockers are objectionable* 

because they attract vermin, absorb odors,! 
can be easily broken into, and are dangerous 
en account of fire. 

Lockers made flrom wire mesh or 
expanded metal afford little secar« 
Ity, as they can be easily entered with wire cut* 
ters. Clothes placed in them become covered 
with dust, and the lockers themselves present 
a poor appearance, resembling animal cages. 
Durand-Steel Lockers are made of finest 
grade furniture steel and are finished with 
gloss black, furnace-baked japan (400®), comparable 
to that used on hospital ware, which will never flake 
ofl nor require refinishing, as do paints and enamels. 





8om« 6t th6 6,6 66 Ourand-8te«l Lookers Installed in th*( 
Publlo Oymnaslums of Chicago. l3'xlBi>42', Double TIer.i 

Durand-Steel Lockers are usually built with! 
doors perforated full length in panel design with sides 
and backs solid. This prevents clothes in one locker' 
from coming in contact with wet garments: 
in adjoining lockers, while plenty of venti- 
lation is secured by having the door perfo**) 
rated its entire length, but, if the purchaser 
prefers, we perforate the backs also. 

The cost of Dnrand-Steel Lockers 
Is no more than that of first-class 
wooden lockers, and they last as long 
as the building, are sanitary, secure, and,' 
in addition, are fire-proof. 

The followino Standard Sizes ami 
those most commonly used; 



DOUBLE TIER 
12x12x36 Inch 
ISx IBS 36 Incn 
12x12x42 Inch 
15 X IB X 42 Inoh 



SINGLE TIER 
12x12x60 Inon 
IBx IBX60 Inoh 
12x12x72 Inon 
IBx IBx 72 InoK 



^Mv* Looker* In Single Tier 



Special. Sizes made T9 order. 
We are handling lockers as a special coj- 
tract business, and shipment will in every 
case be made direct from the factory in 
Chicago. If you will let us know the num- 
ber of lockers, size and arrangement, w« 
shall be glad to take up, through eorr^ 
fpond«no«, th« mattw of prl«WL 



rROMPTAnENTIONGIVENTOl 
ANY COMMUNIMTIONS 
* AllDBESSEB TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS 1001 



Price* ia effect January S, 1913. Subject to change %^thout notice. For Canadian pricet ••• •pecial ^-""'''Tr Catalffgwti 




ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



ilJillillMMWili'/lililililffl^ l 



^•« 




orri 



AUEU31 9, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, have ru 
the National League vfl 
Base Ban since 1878. I, conslde: 
the new corK Center ball'lhat you 
now furnl-shlng Is the best that tl 
National League has ever used. 1 
a great step forward \u base bali 



Xouro very truly, 



'^^r'&Z^ 



Spalding' "Official 
National League 
Ball 



PATENT 

CORK 
CENTER 

Patented Aueust 31. 1909 

Best Base Ball 
Made 




To Those Who Play Base Ball 

Every madificstion we ha»e ever adopled in the comtruclion of 
our Official League Ball han been decided opon after exhaiubve 
experiments, always with the aole purpose of improving the 
iiualilies of the ball. The last improvement waa in the core 
itself. The result is that the ISTg Spalding Official League Ball 
is the best type of ball wc have ever turned out. It is more 
durable, more uniform in resistanoe. and holds iU spherical 
shape belter than any type of base ball made heretofore by any. 
body. I consider the 1913 Spalding Official League Ball nearer 
perfection than any base ball ever made. I personally investi. 
gated this improvement when it was first proposed in 1908. 
B then had an exhaustive series of experiments and tests mad& 
to determine whether the core could be improved. I wa» 
present at these experiments and found that unquestionably the 
1913 type of ball was a great improvement from the standpoint 
of the ball player as well as the durability of th« ball itself. 
1 therefore authorize the following statement: 

THE SPALDING 1913 OFFICIAL NATION/^L 
LEAGUE BALL the gatne a. used since August 1,1910, 
:without change in iize of cork or construction, it the . 
beat, bate ball' that kai, 
'ever been manufactured 
an4 •old b;^ an;^o<l7. 



^c^ ii::i^uZ'^ci::**Y 



•yHE Spaia.ng "Cork Ce- 
ltic ball, but it has also im- 
proved the game. Base ball 
played with the Spalding'Cork 
Center" Ball is aa far in ad- 
vance of the game played with 
an ordinary rubber center ball 
as the game played with the 
Spalding "Official National 
Uague" Ball of 1909 and be- 
fore was in advance of the 
original game with the home 
made ball composed of a slice 
from a rubber shoe, some yarn 
from dad's woolen sock, and 
a cover made of leather bought 
from the village cobbler and 
deftly wrapped and sewed on 
by a patient mother after her 
day's work was done. 

Base ball to-day is no hap- 
hazard amusement, it ia a 
scientific pastime, a sport of 
almost geometric exactitude. 
It commands the best that is 
in men of national prominence, 
and gives in return the plaudits 
of millions who testify by their 
presence and enthusiasm to 
the wonderful hold which this 
-jnost remarkable game has 
upon the feelings oPthe great 
American public. 

Anything which results in 
making the game more inter- 
esting to the spectators is good 
for the game iuelf, providing 
it does not interfere with the 
development of the sport as 
an athletic pastime. With the 
Spalding "Cork. Center" Ball 
the game is just as interesting 
in the'last inning as in the first, 
the ball holds its life right 
through the game and being 
a more even playing ball than 
the old rubber center style it 
makes the game a surer lest 
of the relative skill of the 
opposing teams. 



Spaldtoa Coaplele Catalogue ol Alhletic Coods Mailed Free. 



FROMFT ATTENTION GIVEN 

TIT ANY COMMUNlOATlOi^ 

ADD«ESSEDTOOS 



a:g.spalding<ScBROs. 



STORES IN ALL LARG 



BOMPlfTEUST OF STORES 

OH INSIDE FIONTCOVEB 

OF THIS BOO! 



'Piisn in efft^tjaomm 5. 1.913. Subject to chongt vilhout tvllct. Fit ConaHvn price* Kt ipec/a/ Canadian CalaltgM, 



Spalding' 
"Official National League" 
iali 

Patent Cork Center 



f *tent>il August 31, 1909 




Adopted by the National 
League in 1878, is the only 
ball used in Championship 
games since that time and has 
now been adopted for twenty 
years more, making a total 
adoption of fifty-four years. 




No.1 



Eacti, . . $1.25 
Per Dozen, $15.00 



This ball has the Spalding 
"Patent" Cork Center, 

the same as used since August I , 

1910. without change in size of 

cork or construction 

Each ball wrapped m tinfoil, 
packed in a separate box, and 
sealed in accordance with the 
latest League regulations. 
Warranted to last a full 
game when used under ordi- 
nary conditions. 



The Spalding "Official National League"! Bait Has 
been tHe Official Ball of tHe Game since 187S 



Spalding Complete Catalofliie ol Attlctic Goods Mailed Free. 



ATTENTION GIVEN 
TIT ANT COMMUNICATION' 
ADBIIESSEOTiiyS 



A.G.SPALDING 4 BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 
ONin.FRONTCOVEB 



I 



thicu In tfftnljanuanl 5. (913. Subject (o changt ulihout notice' for Canadian piicn «< sptdal Canadian Cataiaiu* 




TRADE-MARK ^"SEf 



Spalding' 
^'Official National League" Jr. Ball 

Peg.U.S Pat.OtT. 

PATENT CORK CENTER 

Patented f^'^^utt 31, 1909 

Made with horde hide cover and in 
every respect, including patent cork 
center, same as our "Official National 
League" (ptf.'J,!:) Ball No. [. except 
slightly smaller in size. Especially de- 
signed for junior clubs (composed of 
boys under 16 years of age) and all 
games in which this ball is used will be 
recognized as legal games. Warranted 
to last a full game when used under 

ordinctry conditions. 
No. Bl. "Official National League" Jr. 





Spalding; 

Double Seam 

L^eag'ue Ball 

Pure Para Rubber Center 
Sewed with double seam, rendering it 
doubly secure against ripping. The 
most durable ball made. Horse hide 
cover, pure Para rubber center, wound 
with best ^.11-wooI yarn. Warranted to 
last a full game when used under 
ordinary conditions, but usually good 

for two or more games. 
No. 0. Each, $1.25 Dozen. $15.00 



Spalding Complete Calalogiic ol Alhletic Goods Mailed Free. 



ill 

i 



PROMPT ATTENTION 6IVEM I 

TOANY COMMUNICATIONSi 

AOORESSEDTHUS 



filc»d:!iU»]kH«f;1-.l:[«kJ 



STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPIETEUST OF STORES 

ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'Ptka fc ^ed fanuarjf 5. 1913 Sul>i<ct to changt «»'A««' '»'i» ^of Canadian prico xc >peaet Cmadm Calaloguc 




piitiaiiiiiiiiiiiiffi g^^ 



GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 




Spalding League 
Rubber Center Ball 

No. IRC Horse hide cover, 
pure Para rubber center, 
wound with best wool yam ; 
double stitched red and green . 
£ach.$1.00 Doz,$ 12.00 

Abore ball* warranted to 



Spalding 
City League 

'No. L4. Horsehidecover, 
and rubber center wound 
with yarn. Full size and 
weight. Very well made. 
Each.TSc. Doz.,$9.00 

la(t a full game wben oaed under 



Spalding National 
Association Jr. 

No.B2. Horsehidecover, 
pure Para rubber center 
wound with yarn. Slightly 
under regulation size. 

£ach, 75c. 




Spalding Professional 

"No. 2. Horse hide cover , full size. Care- 
fully selected piaterial ; first-class quality. 
In separate box and sealed. Each, 50c. 

Spalding Public School League 

No. B3. Junior size.horse hide cover.rub- 
ber center wound with yam. For prac- 
tice by boys' teams. . . Each, 50c. 

Spalding Lively Bounder 

!No. lO. Horse hide cover Inside is 
all rubber, liveliest ball ever offered. In 
separate box and sealed. Each, 25c. 

Spalding Junior Professional 

■No. 7B. Slightly under regular size. 
I^rse hide cover, very lively. Perfect 
boys' size ball. In separate box and 
sealed. . . . •. . . . Each, 25c. 

Spalding King of the Diamond 

No. 5. Full-size, good material, horse 
hide cover In separate box. Each, 25c. 

Spalding Boys' Favorite Ball 

No. 12. Lively, two-piece cover. Dozen 
balls in box Each, lOc. 

Spalding Boys* Amateur Ball 

No. 11. Nearly regulation size and 
weight. Best for the money on market. 
Dozen balls in box. . . Each, 10c. 

Spalding Rocket BaU 

No 13. Good bounding ball, boys' size. 
Best 5-cenl two-piece cover ball on the 
market Dozen balls m box. Each, 5c. 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 

Iff ANY COMMUNICATIONS! 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING <So BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 

ON INSIDE FRONT GOVEB 

OF THIS BOOI 



?.^ Subject IQ change vllfiwt nolict. For Canadian price, ♦«€ mdal Canadian Calalogu 



SuTeTHE SPALDING' 




TRADE-MARK ^"SS 



SPALDING "WORLD JSERIES" CATCHERS' MITT 

Patented "January 2, 1906; March 30. 1909. and includine Kinc Patent i'addiliij. 

PROFESSIONAL MODEL. KINC PATENT PADDING 
No. I O-O. Patented Molded Face. Modeled 
after ideas of greatest catchers in the country. 
Brown calfskin throughout. King Patent felt 
padding, hand stitched, may be adjusted read- 
ily. Patent laced back; leather lace; metal 
eyelets*; leather strap and brass buckle fasten- 
ing. Felt lined strap, and heel of hand-piece 
also felt lined. Leather bound edges. Smaller 
than our No. 9-0 Each, S8.00 

Spalding "Three-and-Out" Catchers' Mitt 

Patented January 2, 1906; Patented March 30. 1909. 

No. 9-0. Patented Molded Face and hand 
formed pocket. Brown calfskin throughout. 
Padded with hair felt; patent lace back; leather 
lace; metal eyelets; leather strap and brass 
buckle fastening. Heel of hand piece felt lined. 
Leather bound edges. Larger than No. 10-0 
has not patent King Padding. Each, $8.00 
Spalding "Perfection" Catchers' Mitt 

Patented January 2. 1906; March 30. 1909. and includinB 
F<x Patent PaddinB. Patented February 20. 1912. 

No. 7-0. Brown calfskin throughout. Patent 
combination shaped face, padding of hair felt 
and Fox Patent Padding Pocket, so additional 
padding may be inserted at heel. Extra felt 
padding supplied with each mitt. Patent laced 
back and thumb; leather lace; strap-and-buckle 
fastening. Heel of hand-piece felt lined. 
Leather bound edges. . . Each, $6.00 
Spalding " Collegiate " Catchers" Mitt 



"S 




No. 10»0 



y 




\ 



King Pat. 



Paddine. Pat. 



30. 1909. and includii 



No. 7-0 



No. 6-0. Molded face. Olive-colored leather, 
perfectly tanned to enable us to produce neces- 
sary "pocket" with smooth surface on face. 
King Patent felt padding, hand stitched, patent 
laced back and thumb; leather lace; strap-and- 
buckle fastening. Heel of hand-piece felt 
lined. Leather bound edges. Each, $5. CO 
Spjdding " League Extra" Catchers' Mitt 

Patented Jan, 2. 1906; Sept. 29, 190S; March 30, 1909, 

No. 5-0. Molded face. Tanned buff colored 
leather, patent felt padding; strap-and-buckle 
fastening at back; reinforced at thumb; patent 
laced back. Heel of hand-piece felt lined. 
Leather bound edges. . . . Each, $4. GO 
Spalding "League Special" Catchers' Mitt 

Patented January 2, 1906; March 30. 1909. 

No. 4-0. Molded face. Tanned brown leather; 
patent felt, padding; reinforced and laced at 
thumb; patent laced back; strap-and-buckle 
fastening at back. Heel of hand-piece felt .. 
lined. Leather bound edges. Each, $3. GO '^'5. j-o 




.V, 



Spalding Complele Ca(alogne ol Athletic Cooris M^iicd 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN 

TITANT COMMUNICATIOHS 

MDHESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDrNG A BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE LIST OF STOIIES 

OM INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



7*fTC« in cficci Januani 5, 1913. Subject Iq changt v/ilhoui noi(c«- for Canadian pric 




Showins heavjr sole 

finger protection, which it 

Not. 3-0 and OR Mitt« 




No. 3.R 



Spalding Men's Catchers' Mitts 

No. 3-0. " Decker Patent." Brown oak 
tanned leather throughout ; patent laced back, 
reinforced, laced at thumb. Sole leather finger 

protection Each, $3.60 

No. OR. "Decker Patent." Black grain 
leather throughout; reinforced and laced at 
thumb ; patent laced back. Sole leather finger 

protection Each, $2.60 

.No. O. "Interstate." Professional model size. 
Brown grain leather face, sides and finger piece, 
psarl grain leather back; padded; reinforced, 
iaced at thumb; patent laced back. Ea.,$3.00 
No. OA. " Inter-City." Special -large size. 
Brown grain leather face, green leather sides 
and back ; reinforced, laced at thumb ; patent 

laced back Each, $2. SO 

No. I S. "Athletic." Large model. Smoked 
horse hide face and finger-piece; reinforced 
and laced at thumb; patent laced back. Special 

style padding Each, $2.00 

No.lC. "Back-Stop." Large model. Gray 
leather fate and finger-piece; brown leather 
side and back; padded; reinforced, laced at 
thumb; patent laced back. . Each, $l.60 
No. I R. "Semi-Pro." Large model. 'Black 
grain leather; reinforced, laced at thumb; pat- 
ent laced back. Special padding. Ea., S2.00 
No. 2C. "Foul Tip." Oak tanned leather; 
padded; reinforced and laced at thumb; back 

patent full laced Each, 9 I .OO 

No. 2R. "Association." Large model. Black, 
smooth tanned leather face, back and finger- 
piace: tan leather sides; padded; reinforced 
and laced at thumb. . . . Each, S I .OO 

Spalding Youths' Catchers' Mitts 
No. 3R. "Interscholastic." Large size. Black 
leather face, back, finger-piece; sides of brown 
leather; reinforced,laced at thumb. Ea.,76c. 
No. 2B. "Youths' League." Junior size. 
Pearl colored-; smooth tanned leather face and 
finger-piece ; back and sides of brown leather ; 
padded ; patent laced thumb. Each, $ I .OO 
No. 4. "Public School." Large size. Face, 
finger-piece and back brown oak tanned leather; 
padded; reinforced, laced at thumb. Ea., 50c. 
No. 5. "Boys' Delight." Face and finger- 
piece of brown oak tanned leather; canvas 
back; laced thumb; well padded. Each, 25c. 
No. 6. "Boys' Choice." Brown oak tanned 
leather; padded l laced thumb. __Each, 25c. 

All Styles Made in Rights and Left»._ When Orderins 
for Left Handed Players Specify "Full Right" , 



Spalding Complete Calalogne ol Athletic Coods Mailed Free. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 

TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPIETE LIST OF STORES 

ON INSIDE FRONT COYER 

OF THIS 8001 



feci January 5. 1913. .Subjecl (o cAunje wKhoul no/ice. For Cartadian prica ice tpecial Canadian Calahtue 



s^S^I^^tuTeTHESPALDINGI 




TRADE-MARK '^"ar 




No. AAX 




Spalding "World Series" 
Basemen's Mitts 

Patented June 2!<. IKib. 

Spaldmg "Broken-In" Basemen's Mitt 

No, A AX. Already broken in ; ready to put on and play I 
when you buy. Finest buck. ' King Patent Padding.ar- 1 
raiiged for insertion of extra padding. Each, $5.00- 

Professional Models. King Patent Padding 

No. BXP. Calfskin; leather lacing. Leather strap 
at thumb. King Patent Padding. Each, $4.00 

No. AXP. White tanned leather throughout. Leather 
strap at thumb. King Patent Padding. Each, $4.00 

Spalding "League Special" Basemen's Mitt 

■ Patented Feb. 20. 1912 

No. AX. With Fo.x Patent Padding pocket, so addi- 
tional padding may be inserted. Extra felt padding ' 
supplied with each mitt. White tanned buckskin face, 
back and lining; leather lacing all around. Ea.,$4.00 

Spalding Basemen's Mitts 

"No. BXS. "League Special." Brown calfskin face, 
back and lining; leather lacing all around. Ea.,$4.00 
No.CO. "Professional," Olive calfskin face, back 
and lining. Padded; laced all around. Each, $3.00 
No. CO No. ex. "Semi-Pro." Face of tanned buff-color 
leather, back of firm tanned brown leather, laced all 
around, padded at wrist and thumb. Each, $2.50 
No. CXR. "Amateur" (Black.) Black calfskin 
face, black leather back and lining. Properly padded; 
laced all around. . ...■.-., Each, $2.00 
No. CX:S. "Amateur." Tanned brown grained lea-' 
ther. Correctly padded; laced all around. Ea.,$2.00, 
No. DX. "Double Play." Oak tanned leather, 

padded, laced all around Each, $1.50 

No. EX. " League Jr." Black smooth leather, 
laced all around. Suitably padded. .' Each, $1.00 

o. IF Spalding "League Extra" Pitchers' and 
Basemen's Mitt 

No. IF. Face of white buck, balance of brown calfskin; 
padded; without hump. Laced all around. Ea.,$3.50 

Spalding Fielders* Mitts 

No. 2MF. Pliable; best for outfielders. Brown calf- 
skin face; extra full thumb, leather lined. Ea.,$3.00 
No. 51IIF. Specially tanned olive leather, padded with 
fine felt; leather lined; full thumb, Ea., $2.00 
No. 61IIF. Made of white tanned buckskin; leather 
lined ; large thumb ; well padded. . Each, $1.50 
No. 7MF. Good quality pearl colored leather; well 
padded; leather lined. ..... Each, $1.00 

No. 8F. Black tanned leather, padded; leather lined;, 
reinforced, laced at thumb. . . . Each, $1.00 

- . ^ _ No. 9F. Boys' mitt. Oak tanned smooth leather, ' 

Ordering^forLef^t^Handed Player. paddedi_reinforced and laced at thumb, Each, 50c.. 

Spalding Complele Calalogne ol Athletic Goods Mailed Free. _ _ 





No.2MF 

Made in Right> and Lellt. 



i 



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TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADPRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE LIST OF STO 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BflOit 



tffccl]aniJOTy 5, 1913. 



Suhjecl to change wiihoul notice. For Canadian price} tee tpecial Canadian Catalogut, 




fN 



^ 



Spalding "Broken-In" Infielders' Glove 

No. SXL. "Broken-In" style. Professional model. 
r^"T:,."S"',ii?o Specially prepared leather. Needs no break- 
mg in, simply slip it on and start playing. Full leather 
lined. Welted seams •. . . Each, $5.00 

Spalding "World Series" Infielders* Gloves 

Leather Lined. Welted Seam*.. ■ ' ^ 

No. BBl. Professional model. King' Patent Padding. 

f«r8:'i'Ji"2i!''.»?6 Finest quality buckskin. Worn by some of the 

most successful National and American League infielders. 

Most popular style ever put out. . . . Each, $4.00 .j^ „yr_ 

No, AAl. For professional players. Finest buckskin. »^o- ^'»-*' 

Regular padding, very little, but in right place. $4.00 

The Spalding "Leaguer" Glove 
No SS. Designed by one of the greatest infielders that 
overplayed base ball. Might call it a special "Shortstop" 
glove, although it is an all-around style and is equally 
suitable for any infield player. Best quality buckskin, 
welted seams and leather lined throughout. Ea., $4.00 

Spalding Infielders' Gloves 

No. PXL. " Professional." Buckskin in this glove is 

the finest obtainable. Heavily padded around edges 

and little finger Extra long to protect wrist. Leather 

lined throughout. Welled seams. . . Each, $3.50 No. SS 

No RXL, *' League Extra." Black calfskin. Highest 

quality throughout. Design similar to No. PXL. Full 

leather lined. Welted seams. . .... Each, $3.50 

No PX. " Professional." Finest buckskin, same as m 
ourNo.PXL. Padded with felt Weltedseams. Ea..$3.00 
No XWL *' League Special." Tanned calfskin. Padded 
wiih felt E.xtra long to protect wrist. Highest quality 
workmanship Full leather lined Welted seams. Ea..$3.00 
No. 2W. "Minor League." Smoked horse hide. Pro- 
fessional model, full leather lined; King Patent Padding, 
as in Nos. SXL and BBL Welted seams. Each, $3.00 
No 2XR. "Inter-City." Professional style, with padded 
Jittle finger, extra large thumb; welted seams, 
quality black calf, leather lined throughout. Each, $2.50 
No. 2Y. "International." Smoked horse hide; pro- 
fe£;sional style, with specially padded little finger, extra 
large thumb, weltedseams. Full leather lined. Ea.,$2.50 
No PBL. " Prof essionalJr." Youths' Professional sty 1 
Selected velvet tanned buckskin. Same as No. PXL men 
Leather lined throughout. Welted seams. Each, $2.5i. , 
No 3X. "Semi-Pro." Good quality gray buck tanritd 
leather Large model. Correctly padded; welted seain.s 

Leather lined throughout Each, $2.00 

No. 2YA. "Either Hand." For right or left hand, 
fitting cither equally well. Special quality smoked horse 
hide; welted seams. Leather lined throughout. Ea^,$2.50 

ABove Glove* are made regularly with Web o« Leather between Tbumb and First Finger, whiefi c«B 
be cut out very ee.ily i< not required. All Spalding Infielder.' Glove, are mad* with oui divertcr 
sean (Patented March 10, 1908) between finger., adding considerably to durabihty of the glove.. 




Good No. 2W 



Nc 



•4XA 



* All Stjlc. Made in Right. a«d Left.. When Ordering for Lett Handed Pla>er. Specify "full Rigbt."^ 



PROMPT AHENTIONGIVIN 

TIT ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

iODRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING <Sl BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPIETEUST OF STORES 

ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 

O^THISB0O^ 



Pn«. i> cfftcljonuov i. 1913 SubjccI to changt aixhoul noUcc Fo. CanoJ'on pnM ut tfcaal Canadian Cola 




TRADE-MARK Tuir^ 





No.XLA 



Spalding Infielders' Gloves 

No. 3XR. "Amateur." Good quality black tanned 
leather, correctly padded, arid extra large thumb; wcltod 
seams. Leather lined throughout. . . Each, $2.00 
No. 4X. Association.** Good quality brown tannod 
leather, nicely padded; leather lined throughout, with 
inside hump; welted seams. Good value. h:ach, $2.00 
No. 11. "Match." Professional style glove; special 
tanned olive colored leather throughout; 'welted seams- 
correctly padded; full leather lined. . . Each, $1.50 
No. XL. ' Club Special." Made of special white tanned 
leather, correctly padded on professional, model; wcltod 

seams; leather lined Each, $1.50 

No. XLA. "Either Hand." For right or left hand. 
Special white tanned leather, correctly padded ; welted 

a~ seams; leather lined Each, $1.50 

T| No. ML. ■ " Diamond." Special model, very popular. 

^ v^innked sheepskin, padded; full leather lined. Ea.,$1.50 

i No. XS. "Practice." White velvet tanned leather; welted 

/ .seams; jnside hump; full leather lined. Each, $1.25 

/ No. 15. "Regulation." Men's size. Brown tannnd 

' leather, Correctlypadded; palm leather lined. Ea.,$1.00 

No. 15R. "Regulation." Men'ssize. Black tanned leather, 

R added; inside hump; palm leather lined. p]ach, $1.00 
[o. 10. "Mascot." Men'ssize. Olive tanned leather, 
padded; popular model; v/elted seams; palm leather 

lined Each, $1.00 

No. 12. "Public School." Full size. White chrome 
tanned leather, correctly padded; inside hump; palm 

leather lined Each, 75c. 

No. XB. " Boys' Special" Boys' Professional Style; good 
quality special tanned white leather, welted seams ; 
leather lined throughout. .• . . . . Each, $1.00 
No. 12R. "League it." Full size. Black smooth 
tanned leather, lightly padded, but extra long ; palm 
leather lined;, welted seams; inside hump. Each, 75c. 
No. 16. "Junior." Full size; white chrome tanned 
Jeather, lightly padded, but extra long ; palm leather 

No. 10 lined. Each, 50c. 

No 16W. "Star." Full size; white chrome tanned 
leather, welted seams; correctlypadded; palm leather 

lined Each, 50c. 

No. 17. "Youths." Good size, special brown smooth 
tanned leather, nicely padded ; inside hump , palm 

leather lined Each, 50c. 

No. 14. " Boys' Amateur." Youths' professional style. 
Special tanned white leather correctly padded and inside 

hump ; palm leather lined Each, 50c. 

No. 18. "Boys' Own." Oak tanned leather, padded; 
with inside hump; palm leather lined. . . Each, 25c. 
No. 20. "Boys' Favorite." Oak tanned leather, properly 
No. 16 j)added; palm leather lined. ^ . . . . Each, 25c. 

Above CToves are made regularly with Web of Leather between Thumb and Fir.t Finger, which can 
be cut out very easily if not required. All Spalding lnfielder»' Glc 
»eam (Patented March 10, 1908) befv/een fingeri. adding 





made with our diverted 
.iderably to durability of the gloves. 



^11 Styles Mad? in Rights and Lefts. When Ordering for Left Handed Players Specify ^'Fyll Right.' 

Spalding Complete Calalogne ol Alhlctic Goods Mailed Free. 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 



PROMPT mEHTIONfiiVENl 

TO ANY COMMONICATIONSL^_ . , _,, ,_.,___„-,m^«b„ 
ADDRESSED TO Q!! fc^i«l:^^=1||!v^^i^W^;%^*1=^gmi 



COMPIETE LIST OF STORES 

OH INSIDE FRONT COVER 

DF THIS BOOH 



rff eel January 5. 1913 Sukjtcl lo changr wilhoul 



For CarraJiart firicu i 



at Canadian Calalo^uc. 




AUTOGRAPH MODEU 

Largest and heaviest bat 

(except Meyers jpecial 

model) used by an}r profcssionol ball player. 

Weights h-o m &1 toSSounces. Length 35 in. 

AUTOGRAPH 

MODEL 
One of the best 
all around models ever produced. Medium 
idle and well distributed striking 
ace. Equally suitable for the full swing 
for the choke style of batting. Wei^hU 
n 4» to 45 ounces. Length 3-1 inches. 



■ ■ ised b: 
fromi 

&11 ftrour 



Spalding 
"Players* ^ 
Autograph" 
Bats 

No. 100. We have 
obtained permission 
from prominent 
National and Ameri-, 
can League players 
to include in our line 
duplicates of bats 
theyare actually 
using and which we 
supply them with, 
and these "Players' 
Autograph" Bats, 
bearing signature of 
player in each case,| 
'represent their play-| 
ing.bats in every de- 
tail. Finest air dried 
second growth 
straight grained 
white ash, cut from^ 
upland timber, pos-i 
sessing greater re 
siliency, density^ 
strength ana drivmg, 
qualities than' that' 
of any other wood. 
The special oil finish 
on these bats hard-' 
ens with age and in- 
creases theresiliency 
and driving power of; 
the bat. Each, $1.00 
In stock in all Spald- 
ing stores in models 
hsted on this page. 
Give name of playerl 
when ordering. 




' Extra large heavy 
bat with thick handle. WeigbU from 44 to 
,48 ouncea. Length 35 inches. 



, AUTOGRAPH MODEL 
Different model from 
that formerly used by 
Clarke, improved in balance, model and 
length. WeighU from 39 to 43 ounces. 
Length 34 M inches. 



C5^'>y€Vf^-»ii> MODEL 

<^ f ^ Wen balanced. c< 

parativcly light weight, with sufficient wood 
to give splendid driving power. Weighta 
from 36 to 40 ounces. Length 34M in. 



Can iJto au1>ply on special^ Orr^" ^ ^^ 
AUTOGRAPH orderi Donlin, Oaket.l . T. 
Keeler and Ever. ModeU. "S".' 



AUTOGRAPH 

MODEL 

Short bat, large 



Very small handle, and balanced so that 
with a full swing, terrific driving power 
results. WeighU from 37 to 41 ouftccs. 
Length 35 inches. 



, „ AUTOGRAPH 
-^— ^<^^^-^Sple^i^'';^deL 



Spalding kats improve virith 
age if properly cared for. 
fiats made specially to or- 
der should not be used for 
at least thirty (30) days 
after they are finished, to 
give ample time for the 
oiled finish to thoroughly 
harden. Players always 
should have two or more 
bats in reserve. 



A'^M^.^^L«^«ivt. 



AUTOGRAPH 

MODtL 

Short bat. smaU 



andle, I 
iqnite thick. Weights from 38 to 42 < 
Length 32 inches. 



AUTOGRAPH 
MODEL 
'The smallest, short- 
at and lightest bat 
sed by any profes- 
sional pTayer. Specially adapted to small' 
or light men. WeighU from 35 to 39 ounces, 
-length 31 inchea. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 

TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AOiiilESSEdTflDS 



A.G.SPALDING <Sl BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 

ON INSIDE FRONT COVES 

OF THIS Boot 



fH... .>. -!f«*/-«.«T^ #. 1913. Suijui to cluinf uUhoul naltc Far Cai^dlan prictt m •*«'«/ Cawrf-.n C-.'o/oju* 




Miifi!ilii'ifil!l!41iMi l 



SPALDING SPECIAL MODEL BATS 

For Over thirty years we have been turning out special model bats to Slit the 
leading players of the prominent professional ^j_h»«e found your bst, i„ be the .cry best b>M 
leagues, and our records will show hundreds of Lcto",. it"."'"p'ieIL°re1o"ivry7u pe'rmriion''ro. 
diHerent bats made in accordance with the ideas "'"TL ^TL?"„LTL^j T'T'l^*'*' """lyine 

,..,,, . -»L 1 1 ? . ^ personal model, which permission ii 

of individual players, many of whom have been J>ere.by cramed. /j.-rh^ 
league record makers. ' 'Chief ' Meyers writes: (signed) JV/:^%*<^=<^ ^c^^Z^- 

We can supply, on special orders, Special Model Bats, same as made for the follow- 
ing most famous batsmen on the National League and American League teams: 

L'«e>>c Model B MEYERS. New York. N.Hon.l Le.CTe Model M 

OLDRING. Philadelphi.. American Leomio... Model O 
"" League.. .Model P 



BAKER, Philadelphia, 
CALLAHAN. Chicjgo. Am 
DEVORE, New York. Nail 
FLETCHER, New York. N 
HERZOC. New YorU. Nati 



.Mode 
. Model C 
, Model D 



National League . . 



PASKLRT. Philad 

. Model F SPEAKER, Boston, American Le 

. Model H THOMAS, Philadelphia, American League.' 
. Model L WHEAT. Brooklyn, National League 



The originals from which we have turned Spalding Special Model Bats for' 
players named we hold at our bat factory, making duplicates on special order 
only. These Spalding Special Model Bats do not bear the players' autographs. 
Spalding Special Model Bats, M?.'ie"o'<)'rii'e"r^oniy Professional Oil Finish. Each, $1.00 

WE REQUIRE AT LEAST TWO WEEKS' TIME FOR THE EXECUTION OF SPECIAL BAT ORDEJ^ 

SPALDING "ALL STAR" MODEL BATS 

No. lOOS. We have made up six what might be called "composite" models, com- 
bining the features of several in one bat, and we offer in these "All Star" Bats 
a line which- possesses the most desirable features for amateurs or professionals. 
Timber same as in the Spalding "Players' Autograph" Bats. . Each, $1.00 

Furnished in six model» of various lengths and weights. Mention Model Number when Ordering. 

SPALDING BROWN OIL-TEMPERED BATS 

No. lOOD. Same quality as our "Players' Autograph" and "All Star'' Models. 
Furnished in a most popular assortment. Special preparation used on this grade 
is similar to that which many professional players use. . . . Each, $1.00 

SPALDING PROFESSIONAL OIL FINISH BATS 

No. 1 OOP. This line is the result of exhaustive experiments and tests conducted in 
our bat factory Timber same as "Players'Autograph" and "All Star." Ea.,$1.00 

Fiirnished in twelve models of various lengths and weights. Mention Model Number when Ordering. 

SPALDING GOLD MEDAL NATURAL FINISH BATS 
No. lOOG. Timber is same as we use in the "Players' Autograph." the 
"All-Star," and the "Professional Oil Finish" bats Each, $1.00 

Furnished in twelve models of various lengths and weights. Mention Model Number when Ordering. 
Spalding bats improve wi h age if properly cared for. Bats made specially to order should not be 
used for at least thirty (30) days after they are finished, to give ample time for the oiled finish to 
thoroughly harden. Players should make it a rule to have twoor more bats in reserve at all-time.. 

SPALDING TRADE-MARK BATS , . _ 
No. 75. Record. From the most popular models, light antique finish One 
dozen in crate ( lengths. 30 to 35 inches; weights 36 to_42 oujices). Each. 7SC. 
No. 50M. Mushroom. Plain, special finish. 
This is a fine all-around bat. . . . Each, 
No.F. Fungo. Hardwood, 38 in. long, thin 
model. Professional oil finish. . Each, $l-00 
No. SOW. Fungo. Willow, light weight, full 

size bat, plain handle Each, 50c. 

No. SOT. iMen'sTapedLeague, ash, extra quality. 

special finish • Each, SOc. 

No. 50. Men's League, ash, plain handle, 
No.2S. Men's City League.plain handle 



50c 
25c 

HOLD BAT PROPERLY AND STRIKE THE BALJ. WITH _THE 
DONT BLAME THE MAKER FOR A BREAK 



No SOB. Spalding Junior 
Special finish. Specially 
selected models. Lengths 
and weights proper for 
younger players. Ea. , SOC. 
No. 25B. Junior League, 
plain, extra quality ash. 
spotted burning. Ea.,25c. 
No. lOB. Boys' League, 
good ash, varnished. Ea., 

GRAIN. 



•Lengths and Weight* of I 



PROMPT MENTION GIVEN _ 

TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



... OCCURS THROUGH ABUSE OR IMPROPER USE. 
at, listed on, his page, see Spalding 1913 Spring and Summer Catalogue^ 



OHPLETE LIST Of STORESl 

ON INSIDE FRONT COYER 

Of THIS Boot 



A.G.SPAtiDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALLjLARGEfimES; 



efftUja 



Subject to c/.«n«« wilhoul notice. For Canadian price 



liKTHESRiLDINGi 



^TRADE-MARK TuSaW^ 




No. OX No. B^ 

No. 10-0 W ITTsJ No. 4-0 No.O.P 

Spalding "World Series" Open Visfon Special Welded Frame Mask 

PATENTS APPLIED FOR 

No. 10-OW. Heavily padded; special welded frame. Has the best features of 
mask manufacture that have come to us during the many years since we put out 
the first really practical base ball catchers' mask. Weight is as light as consistent 
with .absolute safety; padding conforms to the face with comfort. Each, $5.00 

Spalding Open Vision Specially Soldered Frame Masks 

PATENTS APPLIED POR 

No. 8-0. Heavily padded, soldered and reinforced frame of special steel wire, 
he^vy black finish. Reinforced with hard solder at joinmg points. This feature 
of maximum strength, together with our patented open vision, has the endorsement 
of the greatest catchers in the National and American Leagues. Each, $5.00 
No. 9-0. Lightly padded, but otherwise similar in construction to our No. 8-0. 
Some catchers prefer the light padding that we use in our No. 9-0 style to the 
heavy padding with extra forehead pad, as in the No. 8-0. . . Each, $5.00 

Spalding '* Special Soldered " Mask 

No. '6-0. Each crossing of the wires heavily soldered. Extra heavy wire frame, 
black finished; improved padding on sides, special forehead pad and molded leather 
chin-piece; elastic head-band and detachable cloth sun-shade. . Each, $4.00 

Spalding Open Vision Umpires' Mask 

No. 5-0. Open vision frame. Has neck protecting attachment and a special ear 
protection; nicely padded. Safest and most convenient. . . . Each, $5.00 

Spalding "Sun Protecting " Mask 

No. 4-0. Patent molded leather sun-shade, protecting eyes without obstructing 
yiew. Heavy steel wire, black finish. Padded leather chin-strap, improved design; 
hair-filled pads, including forehead pad, special elastic head-band. Each, $4.00 

Spalding " Neck Protecting " Mask 

No. 3-0. Neck protecting arrangement affords'positive protection. Finest heavy 
steel wire, black finish; hair-filled pads, special elastic head-strap. Each, $3.50 

Spalding " Semi-Pro " League Mask 

No. O-P. Black annealed steel wire. Continuous side pads, leather covered, 

hair-filled; forehead pad; leather chin-strap; elastic head-band. Each, $2.50 

Spalding " Regulation League '* Masks 

No. 2-0. Black annealed steel wire. Hilr-fiUed padding of improved design, 
including forehead pad, molded leather chin-strap; elastic head-band. Ea., $2.00 
No. O-X. Men's. Heavy annealed steel wire, finished in black. Improved 
leather covered pads, including forehead pad, molded leatiier chin-strap. Ea. , $ 1 .50 
No. OXB. Best youths' mask. Black finish, soft annealed steel wire, similar 

quality throughout to No. OX Each, $1.50 

No. A. Men's. Black enameled steel wire, leather covered pads, forehead pad 

and molded chin-strap Each, $1.00 

No. B. Youths'. Black enameled steel wire, similar in quality throughout 

to No. A, but smaller in size Each, $1.00 

No. C. Black enameled; pads covered with leather, wide elastic head-strap, 

leather strap-and-buckle Each, 50c. 

N_o.^ D. Black enameled; smaller than No. C; substantial for boys. Each, 25c. 
Spalding Complete Cataloflpe ol Athletic Goods Mailed Free. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 

TO ANY COMMUNICATION' 

ADBRESSEDTOnS 



A.G.SPALDING&BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
I INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOH 






'Prices in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. 



SPALDING base: BALL UNIFORMS 



Complete set of sample cards, showing iwatchet of various colors and qualities of material that we 

actually furnish in our Base Ball Uniforms, will be mailed on application to any. team, together with 

measurement blank and full instructions for measuring players for uniforms. 

Spalding ^'World Series" Uniform No. O. 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. 

Spalding "League" Uniform No. I-T. Complete, $12.50 

Net price to clubs ordering for i^jitire Team. , . . , . Suit, 

Interscholastic Uniform No. 2 Complete, $9.00 

Team. ..... Suit, 



Complete, $15.00 (t I O CA 

.... suit,Kl)l Z. jU 

0.00 



Net price to clubs ordering for Eyitir 

Minor League Uniform No. M Complete, $9.00 

Net price lo clubs ordering for Entire Team Suit, 

City League Uniform No. P Complete, $7.50 

Net Price to clubs ordering for Entire Team Suit, 

Club Special Uniform No. 3 Complete, $6.00 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. ..... Suit, 

Amateur Special Uniform No. 4. ... Complete, $4.00 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. . \ . . . Suit, 

Spalding Junior Uniform No. 5 Complete, $3.00 

Net price to clubs ordering nine or more uniforms. . . . Suit, 

Spalding Youths' Uniform No. 6. Very well made of good 

quality Gray material Complete, 

ABOVE UNIFORMS CONSIST OF SHIRT. PANTS. CAP, BELT AND STOCKINGS. 

SPALDING BASE BALL SHOES 

No. FW. "Featherweight." Kangaroo up- 
pers, white oak leather soles; hand sewed, 
strictly bench made. Has special edge 
and vamp protector (Patent applied for), 
which takes the placeof ordinary pitchers' 
toe plates. Leather lace's. Per pair, $7.50 
Si 



7.50 
7.50 
6.00 
5.00 
3.50 
2.50 
1.00 




Li^tett Base Ball 

Shoes ever made. 



the lightness anJ fineness 
liRht wciaht dur.ihle 



and Weights of Spalding "Featherweight" 
No. FW Base Ball Shoes 

Saeof Shoes 5 6 7 8 9 

Weight, per pair. .18 oz. iSH ot. I? oz. 20 oz. 21 ox. 

loe, It is suitable only for the foslesi players, tu( as a 
eeneral use we recommend No. 305. 

No. 30-S. "Sprinting." Kangaroo leather uppers, white oak leather soles. Built 
on our famous running shoe last. Strongly made, light in weight. Hand sewed 
and strictly bench made. Leather laces Per pair, $7.00 

No. 0. "Club Special." Selected satin calfskin. High point carefully tempered 
carbon steel plates hand riveted to heels and soles. . ; . . Per pair, $5.00 

No. OS. Same as No. 0, but with sprinting style flexible soles. " 5.00 

No. 35. "Amateur Special." Leather, machine sewed. High point tempered 
carbon steel plates hand riveted to heels and soles. Pair, $3.50 * $39.00 Doz. 

No 37. "Junior." Leather, regular base ball shoe last. Plates hand riveted to heels 

and soles. Excellent lor money, but not guaranteed. Pair, $2.50 * $27.00 Doz. 

Juvsnile Base Ball Shoes 

No 38. Made on special boys' size lasts. Good quality material throughout and 
steel plates. • Furnished in boys' sizes, 12 to 5, inclusive, only. Per pair, $2.00 

Prices printed in italics opposite items marked with -k quoted on orders for one-hal/ 
dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with ^, 

SPECIAL NOTICE, Keep the uppers *nd soles soft by applying Spalding Waterproof OiL It VriH 
— greatly add to wear of shoes. Can 25 Cents. 



PROMPT AHENTIOH GIVEN 

TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AflOmSSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING&.BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 

ON INSIDE FBONTCOVEI 

GFTHIS'IDOI 



f^ccs In ^cct January 5. 1913. 



Subject to change uilhoul nellet. For Canadian plica tt tpcclal Canadian Calatagm 



BOOKS FOR ATHLETES 



Spalding 
"RedCovek" Series 



OLYMPIC 



[efiiL^ilM l 



Edited by J. E. Sullivan, 
American Commissioner to 
the Olympic Games, Stock-' ' 
holm, Sweden, 1912. The. only book that 
contains all the records made in Sweden, 
with winners at previous Olmpiads and 
best Olympic record^ ; list of members 
of the American team ; how the team 
trained on the Finland, which was 
chartered especially to convey the ath- 
letes, and incidents of the trip ; cere- 
monies at the opening, and other inter- 
esting accounts. Profusely illustrated 
with scenes at Olympic Games and pic- 
tures of prominent competitors. 

PRICE 25 CENTS. 




Spalding 

"Red Covet? " Series 

No. IR. 



ATHLETIC 



inm 



Edited by J. E. Sullivan, 
Secretary-Treasurer of the 
Amateur Athletic Union of 
the United States. Spalding's Official 
Athletic Almanac is the only publication 
that contains all authentic amateur rec- 
ords in track and field events, swim- 
ming and skating; collegiate records; 
dual meets ; the year in athletics ; All 
America selections ; British and Conti- 
nental records ;. comparative records of 
American and British performances, 
and a great deal of other interesting 
data. Illustrated with numerous pic- 
tures of leading athletes in actidn. 
Price 25 cents. 




IT'S A SPALDING ^J^ 



New Things in 
Base Ball for 1913 

If you want to know what 
is new in Base Ball equip- 
ment for this year — new 
bats, new mitts, new gloves, 
new masks, the latest in 
uniforms and shoes— send 
your nkme and address to 
the nearest Spalding store 
(see list on inside front 
cover) and you will receive, 
a copy of the new Spalding 
catalogue ' free by return 
mail. It also contains group 
pictures of the world cham- 
pions, the Boston Red Sox ; 
the National League cham- 
pions, the New York Giants, 
and action pictures of prom? * 
inent players and world" 
series scenes; also the latest 
in lawn tennis, golf and all 
spring and summer sports. 



PROMPT MENTION GIVEI 

TOANY COMMUNICATIOI 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A;G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPlflE LIST OF STORES 

OillNSIDEFRONr COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



./.c^/jnuj^i, 5. I9U. Sutjct.1 to change wilheul nolict.. For Canadian prieti wc iftciat Canadian Calaltgut. 



Sp^ldaing' R©I1 Collar Sweaters 

TTie Nos. AA. A and B Sweaters, listed below, are made of special quality worsted, exceedingly soft and 
pleasant to wear. For straight athletic wear there is no garment more useful than these regular roll 
collar sweaters which we have been makmg m our factories for over twenty-five years. Full fashioned 
to body and arms and put together by hand, not simply stitched up on a machine, as are the majority 
of garments sold as regular made goods. All made with 9-inch roll collars. Sizes: 28 to 44 inches. 

No. AA. The proper 
style for use after 
heavy exercise, in- 
ducing copious per- 
spiration, for reduc- 
ing weight or getting 
intp condition for 
athletic contests. 
Particularly suitable 
also for Foot Ball 
and Skating Heavi- 
est sweater made- 
Carried in stock in 
White or Gray only. 
See list below of 
colors supplied on 
special orders. 

Each, $8.00 
• $84.00 Doz. 

No. A. "Intercolleg- 
iate." Special weight 
^"•^^ vsrorsted. lighter 

than in No. AA. Carried in stock in Gray or White only See 
list below of colors supplied on special orders. Roll collar. 
Each. $6.00 * $66.00 Doz. 
No. B. Heavy weight, but lighter worsted than in No. A. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. 
See list below of colors supplied on special orders. Roll collar. . Each, $5.00 "h $54.00 Doz. 

SMAI^ER SWEATER 

No. 3. Good quality all wool sweater, Shaker knit, well made throughout. Sizes: 30 to 44 inches. 
Standard weight, slightly lighter than No B. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. See list 
below of collars supplied on special orders. Roll collar. . . . Each, $4.00 if $45.00 Doz. 

We allow four inches for stretch in all our sweaters, and sires are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, 
that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. 

PLAIN COLORS — Sweaters on this page are supplied in any of the colors designated, at regular price*. Otfier 
colors to order only in any quality, 50c. each garment extra. 

SPECIAL, ORDERS — '" *'^*''''°" *° stock colors mentioned, we also supply any of the sweaters listed on this 
—^-^—.—^—^— page, without extra charge, on special orders only, not carried in stock, in any of the 
following colors: BLACK CARDINAL SEAL BROWN MAROON 

NAVY DARK GREEN SCARLET COLUMBIA BLUE 

N. B. — We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They are Scarlet, Cardinal, Maroon. Wher« 

RED is specified on order, we supply Cardinal. 
SPECIAL NOTICE— Solid color sweaters with one color body and another color (not striped) collar and cuffs 
furnished in any of the colors noted, on special order, at no extra charge. 

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 

The prices printed in italics ofpostle items marked with* will be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or mors. 
Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with* 





PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ABDBESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS Boot 



Pricos in «(f*«t Jaoiury & 1913k Sultject to ehange wUboMt nattca^ For C*ii»Amn prisas ••• syeciaJ ^ — ■'ff- Caialagwai 



^^isln 



SUBSTITUTE THE SRALDING(ii))TRADE-MARK "^^ 




SPALDING 

COAT JERSEYS 

No. IOC. Worsted, same grade as No. I OP 
Plain (listed on Page 1 00). Solid stock 
colors (not striped), or one solid stock 
color body and sleeves with different 
stock color solid trimming (not striped) on 
cuffs, collar and front edging. Pearl 
buttons. . Each, $3.50 * $39.00 Doz. 

SFALDIHG 
STRIPKB JERSEYS 

Following sires carried in stock regularly in all 

qualities: 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an 

advanced price. 

JVe allow two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, 
and sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, 
horvever, that for very heaiiy men a size about two 
inches larger than coat vteasnremenl be ordered 
to insure a comfortable fit. 



No. IOC 

No. lOPX. Special quality worsted, fashioned; solid stock color 
body, with stock color striped sleeves, usually alternating two 
inches of same color as body, with narrow stripes of any other 
stock color. Colors as noted. . . Each, $3.25 "^ .JJ J. 00 Doz. 

No. 12PX. Good quality worsted; solid color body, striped sleeves, 
usually alternating two inches of same color as body, narrow stripes 
of some other color. Colors as noted. Each, $2.75 "A" $30.00 Doz. 

No. 12PW. Good quality wor- 
sted; solid stock colorbody and 
sleeves, 6 in. stock color stripe 
around body. Colors as noted. 
Each, $2.75 * $30.00 Doz. 

STOCK COLORS or pN^-,oPx.^ 

BLACK AND ORANGE Jerseys 

NAVY AND WHITE 
BLACK AND SCARLET 
ROYAL BLUE AND WHITE 
COLUMBIA BLUE AND WHITE 
SCARLET AND WHITE 
MAROON AND WHITE 
Second color mentioned is for body 
stripe or for stripes on sleeves. Other 
colors than as noted above to order 
only, not more than two colors in any 
garment, 50c. each extra. 





Nos. loPx -nd .2PX COTTON JERSEYS „„. .^pw 

No. 6. Cotton, good quality, fashioned, roll collar, full length sleeves. Colors: Black, Navy Blue, 
Gray, and Maroon only Each, $1.00 * $10.80 Doz. 

N0.6X. Cotton, as No. 6, but with striped sleeves in following combinations only: Navy with White or 
RedStripe; Black with Orange or Red Stripe; Maroon with White Stripe. Ea..$1.25 *,?/5.2(? Doz. 

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 

The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with * will be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. 
Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with'k 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US'. 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE UST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB 

Of THIS BOOK 



PHco* io «H<wl J>n«i>rT S. 101 3. Subject to < 



^paldliHig' Gold Med 



Patented January 3, 1905: June 12, 1906, 




T: 



No. GMA 



Each, $8.00 



STYLE 
A 



HE success we 
have met with in 
putting out this 
racket accompanied by 
the broadest guarantee 
ever given on an article 
of this kmd is the best 
evidence as to the truth 
our assertions regard- 
ing the great care which 
we exercise in watching 
every detail of its man- 
ufacture The racket js 
sold upon its own repu- 
tation and the Spalding 
Guarantee is your as- 
surance of safislaction. 
The difference 
^ween Styles A and B is 
in the additional strings 
reinforcing the central 
portion of the latter. Handles 
5, 5i and 3g inches in circum- 
ference. Stringing of clearest and absolutely 
best quality lambs" gut. Tag attached to each 
racket, giving particulars of special inspection. 
Each racket enclosed in special quality mack- 
intosh cover. 

We use a dogwood insertion in shoulders, 
after proving to our satisfaction, by experience, 
that it is far superior to cane or other material 
for the purpose. 



We guarantee 
Tennis Rackets foi 
period of 30 days from date of purcfiase by tfie 
The Guarantee Tag attached to each Spalding Lawn 
Tennis Racket reads as follows; If this Racket proves 
defective in workmanship or material within 
30 days from date of purchase, please re- ; 
turn, transportation charges prepaid, to any ' 
Spalding Store, and the defect will be ^ 
rectified Imperfectly strung Rackets will be restrung, 
and in the event of a broken frame due to work- 
manship or defective material, the Racket will be 
replaced. Notice.— This Guarantee does not apply 
to Rackets weighing less than 13 




STYLE 
B 



We "nre A.I .( l).. c<n,cl«,ton of play IKI. R.cfcel b. rubbed drj. and wben not in m, (h> eoverwl wSO, « W.»*rp««f CW«, -Ud 
to • lUGkct Fnm, mmd thm gut occMionmllT gone over witli.Sp.)diBc Tennu Cut PrcMsrvrntlr^ KEEP YOUR aACKET M A DRY 



PROMPT AmNTlBN GIVfcN TO 
iNT COMMUNICATIGNS 
- JlODRESStD TD US 



A. G; SPALDING «&. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FORCOMPlfTELISTOFSTOiiO 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEI 
Of THIS BOOK - 



io eftect January 5. 1913. SubjesULp eluin(c without notice. For Canaduw price* tee (pecuj CuudUa CeUlorua 



^^HHS 



Spalding 

CliampionsMp Tennis Ball 

PERFECT INFLATION PERFECT COVERING PERFECT SEWINd 



ON the record made by 
the Spalding Cham- 
pionship Tennis Ball so far 
we are willing to base our 
claims for superiority, and 
wherever the ball is used, 
either in a tournament or 
regular play, we are certain 
our judgment will be con- 
firmed. Absolutely best in 
every particular of manu- 
facture and made by people 
who have been in our em- 
ploy, many of them, for 
twenty years and over, we 
place the Spalding Cham- 
pionship Tennis Ball before 
the most critical clientele in 
the athletic wodd with per- 
fect confidence that it will 
give absolute satisfaction. 
No. 00. Per dozen, $5.00 
Three balls only. . . . 1.25 
One or two balls. Elach, .45 







Ws-flglht ®. Datsosa 




No. 5. So well known that 
corhment as to its qualities is 
unnecessary. Per doz., $5.50 
On orders for NOT less than 
I gross. . . Per gross, $60.00 

No. 0. In the manufacture of 

the Spalding Championship 

Ball only those which are abso- 
^'^-T'*" — ^ lutely perfect in every particu- — — 

lar are allowed to pass, and the "culls" or "throw-outs" are stamped simply Tournament and do 
not bear the Spalding Trade-Mark. These balls will answer for practice or for children's "se, but 
should no/ be used for match play Per dozen. $3.00. Each. .25c. 



PROMPT mENTiON GIVEN TO 

4NY COMMUNICATIONS 

AODBESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



PricM in sffcst J»n«i«rY 5. 1913. SHbift^^ ta timafm witht-fi Botieft, Fer 



prt«M ••■ •p«cmI CMwduui C«taJo(tt«>. 



SUBSTITUTE 



THE SRALDING(isi)TRADE MARK 



QUALITY 



SPALDING 

'All Comers*" No. gmf 



. S. Pat. Off. Feb. 20, 1912 




Patented March 6, 1900: 
January 3, 1905; June 12, 1906 



No. GMF. 

Spalding 
"All Comers'" 

Keg.U.S. Pat. Off. 

Racket. 
Each, $8.00 



f play I 

4lry» and when not in use be cov* 
ered with a Waterproof Cover, 
placed in a Racket Press, and the 



THIS racket is built 
for hard continuous 
play, and every de- 
tail of its construction 
has been passed upx)n 
by six different players of 
National reputation who 
know what is needed in a 
really dependable racket 
for tournament use. 

New model, with large 

frame. Walnut throat 

piece. The shoulders 

wrapped with gut for 

special reinforcement. 

Stringing is double in the central 

portion in the popular expert style. 

Handles 5, 5% and 5% inches in 

circumference. Stringing of clearest 

and absolutely best quality lambs* 

gut. Each racket enclosed in a 

special quality mackintosh cover. 




MAURICE McLOUGHLIN 

Winner of All Coraen' 

Tournament at Newport, 1911 

National Champion, 1912 



GUARAHTEE 

WE guarantee Lawn Tennis Rackets for a period of thirty days 
from date of purchase by the user. The Guarantee Tag at- 
tached to each Spalding Lawn Tennis Racket reads as follows: 



IF THIS Racket proves defective in workmanthip or material within 
30 days from date of purchase, please return, transportation charges 
prepaid, to any Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified. 
Imperfectly strung Rackets will be restrung, and in the event of a broken 
frame due to workmanship or defective material, the Racket will be replaced. 



othcrwue the CuAraotee is void. NOTICE.— This Guarantee does not apply to R&ckeU weighing less than 13 ounce*. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR GOMPIETE IIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OFTHISBOO^ '- 



effect January 5 1913 Subject to change without notice. For 



phcet tee tpeciaJ Canadian Catalogue, 



1'j!l'i-;jji.ii!IW»ilM 



Milie M^rplhy "'Hob-iii" Atliletic Liniment 

THIS PREPARATION is the same as has been used by Mike Murphy, the famous athletic- 
frainer, in. conditioning the Yale, University of Pennsylvania and other college teams which 
have been under his charge. He is famous for the perfect condition 
in which he brings his athletes into a contest, and the ingredients 
and proper preparation of his "Rub-In" Liniment has been a closely 
guarded secret. He has finally turned the formula over to A. G. 
Spalding & Bros, with perfect confidence that the proper materials 
will always be used in preparing the liniment and that no consider- 
ations will induce us to cheapen it in any way. 

Large bottles Each, 50c. 

Small bottles. ..... Each. 25c. 





Spsildinig' Elastic Bandages 

Spalding 
Shoulder Bandage 



Spalding Knee Cap Bandage 



Give circumference around 
arm and chest. Mentioafor 

^hich shoulder required. 
i No. 101. Cotton thread. 

Each, $3.50 
'No. lOJA. Silk thread. 

Each, $5.00 

Wrist Bandage 

Give circumference around 
smallest part of wrist, and state 
if for light or strong pressure. 
No. 106. Cotton thread. . . Each, 50c. I , 

No. 106A. Silk thread. ._. . . " 75c. I / 

Spalding Ankle Bandage 

Give circumference around ankle and over 
step; state if light or strong pressure is desired. 
No. 105. Cottonthread. Each. $1.00 
No. 105A. Silk thread. 

Each. $2.00 

Spalding Elastic Bandage 

Composed of threads of rubber completely 
covered. The pressure can be 
applied wherever necessary. To 
fasten insert end imder last fold. 

"No. 30. Width 3 hi.. 5 yds. long (stretched). Each. 60c. 

^o. 25. Width lY^ in., 5 yds. long (stretched). " 50c. 






Give circumference below 
knee, at knee and just 
above knee, and state 
if light or strong pres- 
sure is desired. | 
No. 104. Cotton 
thread. Each. $1.00 
No. 104A. Silk thread. 
Each. $2.00 

Elbow Bandage 

Give circumference above 

and below elbow and state 

if for light or strong 

pressure. 

No. 102. Cotton 

thread. Each, $1.00 

No. 102A. Silk 

thread. Each, $2.00 

Spalding Elastic Belt 

Our elastic foot be 
belt stretches with ^ 
the length of the 
body and may be 
attached to jacket 
and pants, thus forming one continuous 
siiit. By closely fitting thebody, the oppos- 
ing player has less chance of tackling. 
Allows perfect freedom in all positions. 
No. 1. Width 6 inches. Each. $1.50 





PROMPT AmNTION GIVEN TO ■■ « ■ j MJ w^\ 1 11 1 W^ ICwM SI '\^Z^ FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS Man^ [T\ I'TfTlJ -1 IfLrLT J 7l T^ I fil SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
^ ADDRESSED TOJS_JBB*^*^-^*^*''^^-^^*^-^=t*^**^*«'(^MHL OF THIS BOOK - 

.PricM in •ffoct Ju>ua>2 S, 191^ SubjacI to chaoga without notice. For Cauuulian price* tea apecikl Oinftdiaii Catalogutt, 



Sfrll?ETHE SPALDING 



iTRADEtMARKS^ 



J]nit©]r(5@l]l©gnat© WU(^ 



:mml 



Pat. Sept 12, 1911 




No. J5 * • • Complete, $5.00 



This is iKe ONLY OFFICIAL 
COLLEGE FOOT BALL, 
and is used in every important 
match played in this country. 



GUARANTEED ABSOLUTELY 

IF SEAL OF BOX IS 

UNBROKEN 






Each ball complete in sealed 
box. including leather case, 
guaranteed pure Para rubber 
bladder (not compounded), 
inflater, lacing needle 
and rawhide lace> 



^E GUARANTEE every J5 Spalding Fool BaU to be 
perfect in material and workmanship and correct 
in shape and size when inspected at our factory. 
If any defect is discovered during the first game in 
which it is used, or during the first day's practice 
use, and if returned at once, we will replace same 
under this guarantee.. We do not guarantee against ordinary wear 
nor against defect in shape or size that is not discovered imn^edi- 
ately after the first day's use. ^ Owing to the superb quality of 
every Spalding Foot Ball, our customers have grown to expect a 
season's use of one hall, and at times make unreasonable clainu 
under our guarantee 

which we will ji/.^ >€^ "^ " y^ 

not allow. . yj^Yy ^-^^jf^y >^^ ^ ^ X-^U^t^^ 




4^. 



PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOi; 



PricM ia effect Jmumtt B, 1913. Subject i 



For Cf"-'*"" price* «e« cpeciaJ C a ii » di » n C^tjJoguo. 



sSSUHE SPALDING(»)TRADE-MARK T''^'' 



The Spaldinir Official Basket Ball 




THE ONLY 

OFFICX4L 

BASKET BALL 



WE GUARANTEE^ 

ball to be perfect in ma- 
terial and workmanship and 
correct in shape and size 
when inspected at our fac- 
tory. If any d^ect is dis- 
covered during the firat game 
in which it is used, or during 
the first day's practice use, 
and, if returned at once, we 
will replace same under this 
guarantee. We do not guar- 
antee against ordinary. wear 
nor against defect in shape or 
size that is not discovered im- 
mediately of ter the first day's 

use. 
Owing to the superb quality 
of our No. M Basket Ball, our 
customers have grown to ex- 
pect a season's v^e of one ball, 
and at times make unreasonr 
able claims under our guar- 
antee.which ive willnot allow. 
A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



^"^^ FFICIALLY ADOPTED AND STANDARD. The cover is made in four sections, with 
M ^k capless ends, and of the finest and most carefully selected pebble grain English leather. 
■ ■We take the entire output of this superior grade of leather from the English tanners, and 

m M in the Official Basket Ball use the choicest parts of each hide. Extra heavy bladder made 

^L W especially for this ball of extra quality pure Para rubber (not compounded). Each ball 

^^m^ packed complete, in sealed box, with rawhide lace and lacing needle, and guaranteed per- 
fect in every detail. To provide that all official contests may be held under absolutely fair and uniform 
conditions, it is stipulated that this ball must be used in all match games of either men's or women's teams. 
No. M. Spalding « Official" Basket BaU. Each, $6.00 



Extract from Men's OUicial Rule Book 

Rule II -Ball. 
Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- 
ing & Bros, shall be the official ball. 
Official balls will be 
stamped as herewith, 
and wiUj^e in sealed 
boxes. 

Sec. 4 The official ball must be 
^»ed in sJl match games. 



Extract from 
Oilicial Collegiate Rnle Boole 

The Spalding Official Basket 
Ball No. M is the official 
ball of the yg^miSt^ 
Intercollegi- /^9*ijSr?s 
ate Basket \jb*21liij^ 
BallAssocia- ^sSaSlSB^ 
tion, and must be used in all 
match gamei. 



Extract from Women's Official Bole BmI 

Rule II-Ball. 
Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- 
ing & Bros shall be the official balL 
Official balls will be ^^-asfSj^ 
stamped as herewith, /'S^vJTtCN 
and will be in sealed t ^^***^^ 

Sec. 4. The official ball must tx 
used in all match games. 



1 PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 
1 ADDHESSEOTOIIS 


A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 


FOR COMPLETE IIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 



Prices in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee special Canadian Catalogue. 



ilSUHESRALDINGlt 



TRADEMARK '"nK^j 



QUALITY. 



SPAILDIMG 
OLYMPIC 
■HAMFIOMSHIP 
SHOES 




All of these shoes are hand made. 
Finest kangaroo leather uppers and best 
white oak leather soles. They are the 
same style shoes that we supplied to the 
American athletes who were so success- 
ful at the last Olympic Games, and they 
are worn in competition by all prominent 
athletes in this country. 



Spalding "Olympic 

Championship" 
Pole Vaulting Shce 

No. 14V. High cut; 
special last. Style 
supplied to record 
holders for pole 
vaulting. Hand 
made steel spikes 
in sole. One spike 
in heel. Made to 
order only. Not 
carried in stock. 
Per pair, $6.00 



Spalding "Olympic 

Championship" 
Walking Shoe 

No. 14W. For com- 
petition and match 
races. This style 
shoe is used by all 
champion walkers. 
Per pair, $5.00 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 
, (NY COMMUNICATIONS 
AOOIIESSEPTOUS 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FORCOMPIETEIISTOFSTOAES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOO! 



rriM* in «ffa«i J4niiwrT S. 1913. Su^ad t* dunge w1tb«K« ostiic* Par CanodlM priM» m« •pmmJ C*o»dlmn C*t*i<!«v*- 



sSS?E THE SPALDINgQtRADE-MARK TuATiif 



SPALDING 



CHAMPIONSHIP 
SHOES 




All of these shoes are hand made. 
Finest kangaroo leather uppers and best 
white oak leather soles. They are the 
same style shoes that we supplied to the 
American athletes who wc^re so success- 
ful at the last Olympic Games, and they 
are worn in competition by all prominent 
athletes in this country. 

Spalding "Olympic 
Championship" 

Sprint Running 
Shoe 

No. 2-0. Extremely 
light and glove fit- 
ting. Hand made 
steel spikes firmly 
riveted on. This 
shoe is worn by all 
champions in 
sprint and short 
distance races. 
Per pair, $6.00 



Spalding "Olympic 
Championship" 

Distance Running 
Shoe 

No.l4C. For distance 
races on athletic 
tracks. Low, broad 
heel.flexibleshank. 
Hand made steel 
spikes in sole. No 
spikes in heel. 
Per pair, $6.00 




PROMPT ATTENTION 6IVEN TO I 

ANY eOMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBOTTDUS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE UST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice For Canadian price* see ipedal Canadian Ca'talogu*. 



s^S^bKe THE SPALDING 



TRADE'liyiARK'rfllY' 






No. MH. High cut. 

but light in weight. 
Well finished inside 
so as not to hurt the 
feet in a long race. 
Special leather 
soles, will not wear 
smooth; light lea- 
ther heels; special 
quality black calf- 
skin uppers. Hand 
sewed. Pair, $5.00 





No. MO. Low cut. 
Blucher style. 
Otherwise the same 
as No. MH. 

Per pair, $5.00 

Keep the uppers of all 
running shoes soft and 
pliable by using Spald- 
ing Waterproof Oil. It 
will greatly add to the 
wear of shoes. 

Per can, 25c. 



PROMPT mENTI0N6IVEN TO 

MY COMMUNICATIONS 

MBBESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALU LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COYER 
OF THIS BOOK • 



PricM ia effect January 5. 1 91 3. Subject to change without notice. Fot Canadian price, aec .gecial Ca n adia n CalaJo(ue. 



T?E THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK 



QUALITY 



Munmiinimi Slhoee 




No.llT. Calfskin, 
machine made; solid 
leather tap sole holds 
spikes firmly in 
place. Pair, $4.50 
-k $48.00 Doz. 

No. 11. Calfskin, 
machine made. 

Per pair, $3.50 
-k $36.00 Doz. 



No. 12. Leather, 
good quality, com- 
plete with spikes. 
Sizes 12 to 5 only. 
Per pair, $2.75 



The prices printed i7i ital- 
ics opposite items marked 
with ^ will he quoted only 
ov orders for one-half 
dozen or more. Quantity 
prices NOT allowed on 
items NO Tmarkedwith-^ 




PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO OS 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOH 



Price* io eftect Jaouarv 5, 1913 Subje 



change without ooticc For Canadian price* »ee ipecial Canadian Catalogue. 





SpSildisig* Worsted Jerseys 

Following sites carried in slock regularly in all qualities : 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced pricct. 

IVe allow two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are ma^ ked accordmglv. II is snggested, however, that 
for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. 

STOCK COLORS 

PLAIN COLORS -We carry in stock in all 
Spalding Store* oVir line of wonted jerseys 
(NOT No(. 12XB. 6. or 6X) in foUowiog 
valors: NAVY BLUE GRAY 

BLACK MAROON 

SPECIAL ORDERS 

We also furnish, without extra charge, on 
special orders for one-half dozen or more, 
not carried in stock and NOT supplied in 
Nos. 12XB, 6, or 6X, the following colors. 
On orders for less than one-half dozen 10 
per cent, will be added to regular price 

WHITE ' DARK GREEN 

CARDINAL IRISH GREEN 

ORANGE PURPLE 

SCARLET YELLOW 

ROYAL BLUE SEAI BROWN 

COLUMBL\ BLUE OLE GOLD 

Other colors than as noted above to order 
only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 14P. 

12XB, 6, and 6X). SOc. each extra. 
N. B.— We designate three shades which are 
sometimes called RED. They are "Scarlet, 
Cardinal, and Maroon. Where RED is speci- 
fied on order. Cardinal will be supplied. 

SPALDING INTERCOLLEGIATE JERSEY 

riiis jersey we consider in a class by itself. No other manufacturer makes a garment of 

anywhere near the same grade. We recommend it to those who really want the best. 
No. IP. Regular roll collar. Full regular made; that is, fashioned or knit to exact shape on the 
machine and then put together by hand, altogether different from cutting them out of a 
piece of material and sewing them up on a madhine, as are the majority of garments known 
as'Jerseys. Special quality worsted. Solid colors as specified above. Each, $4.00 tAt $42 00 Doz. 
No. IPF. Straight low collar. Quality of worsted and manufacture same as No. IP. Solid 

colors as, specified above ^z\\,%ASiQ'k$4200Doz. 

No. lOP. Regular roll collar. Special quality 
worsted, fashioned. Solid colors as specified 
above. . . Each, .$3.00 *^J^.(?(?Z><7Z. 
No. lOPF. Strafght low collar. Quality of 
worsted and manufacture same as No. lOP. 
Solid colors as specified above. 

Each, $3.00 ic SSO.OO Doz. 
No. 12P. Regular roll collar.. Good quality 
worsted. Solid colors as specified above. 

Each, $2.50 * S27.00 Doz. 
No. 14P. Regular roll collar. Worsted. Solid 
colors : Navy Blue, Black, Gray, and Maroon 
only. . ... Each, $2.00 -^ ^/.<?^ Z3oir. 
No. 12XB. Boys' Jersey. Regular roll collar. 
Worsted. Furnished in sizes 26 to 34 inches 
chest rtieasurement only. Solid colors: Navy 
Blue, Black, Gray, and Maroon only. No 
special orders. Each. $2.00 • $21 00 Doz. 

Jerseys with Necklace-Nos. IP, IPF, lOP. lOPF or 
1 2P Jerseys with necklace stripe of any color specified 
above, at an extra charge of $1.00 per garment. 

Woven Letters, Numerals or Designs 

We weave into our best grade Jerseys. No. 1 P, Letters, 
Numerals and Designs in special colors as desired. 
Prices quoted on application. Designs submitted. 

Prices Subject to Advance Without Notice. 

The prices printed'in italics opposite items marked with-kwill bd quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. 
Quantity prices NOT'cUowed on items. NOT marked with* 



Jen«ys are being used more 
and more by Base Ball 
Players, especially for early 
Spring and late Fall games.. 
On account of the special 
Spalding knit they are very 
durable, and at the same time 
they offer no restraint on the 
free movement of the player- 



No. IPF 
Jersey wil 
NecklacQ 




PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDIIESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK C 



effect January 5. 1913. Subject to chance without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadiao CaUjocua 



Spalding AtMetEC SMrts and Tights 




STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. OTJR WORSTED GOODS are Kir: 
nished in Gray, White, Navy Blue, Maroon, and Black only. Stock 

sizes : Shirts, 26 to 44 inch chest. Tights, 28 to 42 inch waist. 

SANITARY COTTON GOODS. Colors: Bleached While, Navy, 

Black, Meu-oon, and Gray. Stock sizes : Shirts, 26 to 44 inch chest. 

Tights, 26 to 42 inch waist. 

Spalding Sleeveless Shirts— Plain Colors 

STOCK COLORS AND SIZES 
No. 600. Good quality worsted. Each. $1.25 ^ $12.60 Doz,' 
No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton. . . " .50 -^ ■/, 75 "^ 

Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts 

No. 600S. Good quality worsted, with 6-inch stripe aroynd 
chest, in following combinations of colors : Navy with Whit& 
stripe; Black with Orange stripe; Maroon with White stripe; 
Red with Black stripe; Royal Blue with White Stripe; Black 
with Red stripe ; Gray with Cardinal stripe. 

No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6.inch stripe, 
around chest, in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. 

Each. 75c. * $1,50 Doz. 

Spalding Shirts with Sash 

No. 600D. Good quality worsted, sleeveless, with woven sasIT, 
of different color from body. Same colors as No. 600S. Toordet 
only; not carried in stock. . . . Each, $2.00 ■)(^^i7.<5i^Z>Oir. 
No. 6WD. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, with woven sash of 
different color from body. Same combinations of colors 
as No. 600S. To order only ; 7iot carried in stock. 

^?^c\%\.Z^if $12M Doz, 
No. 6£D. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color body with 
sash stitched on of different color. Same combinations of 
colors as No. 600S Each. 75c. * $7.50 Dcz. 

Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts 

No. 601. Good quality worst- I No. 6F. Sanitary Cotton,, 
ed, stock colors and sizes. stock colors and sizes. 

Each. $1.50 ^ $15.00 Doz. \ Each, 56c. * $4. 75 Don., 

Woven Necklace on Shirts 

We furnish either Nos. 600, 601 or 600S Shirts, on special orders 
only, with necklace woven of different color to body of shirt, 
in stock colors only, for an extra charge of $1.00 per garment, 

Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts 

No. 3D. Cotton, Flesh. White, Black. ^^.,%\.QQ if $10.00 Doz. 

Spalding Knee Tights 

STOCK COLORS AND SIZES 
No. 604. Good_quality worsted. Pair, $1.25 ^ $12.60 Doz^ 
No. 4B. Sanitary Cotton. .' . . "" ,50-^ 4.75 ^'~ 

Spalding Juvenile Shirts and Tights 

ONLY SIZES SUPPLIED: Chest, 26 to 30 inches, inclusive: WaiaV 

24 to 26 inches, inclusive. 
No. 65. Sleeveless Shirx, quality of No. 600. , Each. $1.00 
■No. 655. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600S. . " 1.25 
No. 66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No. 601. " 1.25 
No. 64. Knee Tights^ quality of No. 604, .. . " 1.15, 

The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with -ff will be quoted only on orders for one-half 
dozen. or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with if 




PRGMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

m COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBESSEDTOUS 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK i 



Price* io effect January 5, 1913. Subject to cbang* witboKl notic*. For Canadian price* »e« special C«n*dian Catalogue. 



c^^^^^ 



What was the greatest number of 
victories in a major league play- 
ing season ? 
What pitchers have h^d no -hit 
games to their credit in the major 
leagues since 1880? 
What player holds the record for 

circling the bases ? 
What major league club holds 
the record l6r greatest number of 
shut-out games in a season ? 
What players have batted .300 

since 1876? 
What major league players parti- 
cipated in every game of their 
club's schedule in 1912? 
Who batted nearly .500 in 1887? 
What vras the greatest number 
of runs made in a major league 
game since 1876? 
What pitcher in the National- 
League struck cut 21 batsmen in 
a nine-innings game ? 
What pitcher holds the record for 

the first no-hit-no-run game ? 
Answers to above and records 
of all the leagues, teams and play- 
ers, v^ith pictures of players and 
teams, will be found in SPALDING'S 
OFFICIAL BASE BALL RECORD FOR 
1913. Sent by mail anywhere on 
receipt of lO Cents by A. G. 
Spalding & Bros, (see list of store 
addresses on inside front cover). 



Who won the 100 yards champion- 
ship in 1876? 
HoiV many events America won 
in the first international meeting- 
England vs. America ? 
What amateur won four National 

Championships in one day ? 
Who holds the half-mile indoor 

board floor record ? 
Who won the first Americai^ all- 
around championship ? 
Who comprise the All -America 

athletic team for 11912 ? 
What the record Is for running 

100 yards? 
Who is the all-around champion > 
What the records are for best 

college athletic performances ? 
Where the next Olympic geimes 

will be held ? 
SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ATHLETIC 
ALMANAC FOR L1913 contains the 
answers to the above and thousands 
of other performances, including the 
records for Canada, Great Britain 
and Ireland, Sweden, France, Ger- 
many, Holland, Belgium, Hungary, 
Australia and South Africa. Pro- 
fusely illustrated with pictures of 
hundreds of leading athletes. Sent 
by mail anywhere upon receipt of 
25 Cents by A. G. Spalding & 
Bros, (see list of store addresses on 
inside front cover). 



A New Spalding Base Ball Annual 



Devoted exclus- 
ively to the Col- 
lege game. Has 
pictures, records 
and schedules, 
averages and re- 
views of season, 
names of caj 
tains in all le 
ing colleges ar 
records of pre- 
vious years. 



SPALDlNG'Si 

OFFICIAL 

COLLEGE 

BASE BALL ANNUAL 



Mailed anywhere upon receipt of lOC* 
by A. G. Spalding & Bros. 



(See list of addresses on inside front cover of this book.) 



pecial articles 
n college baqe 
all and on early 
college games. 
All A merica 
teams. Reviews, 
records, scoresof 
Yale - Harvard - 
Princeton, etc., 
games, with cap- 
tains. Pictures 
of leading clubs. 



who aims to become a good ball player should read the 

Spalding Athletic Library Base Ball Series 

(Group I), a list of which, is given in the front part of 
this book. Every department of the game is thoroughly 
covered by a competent authority, €ind they form the 
best books of instruction on the game ever published. 



CAUTION BASE BAU BOYS 

Because of your youth and inexperience, advantage is frequently taken 
•f you base ball boys, by the so-called "Just as Good" dealer, who tries 
to palm off on you some of his "Just as Good" Base Ball goods, made 
especially for him by the "Just as Good" manufacturer, when you call 
for the Spalding goods. You are cautioned not to be deceived by this 
"Just as Good" combination, for when you get onto the field you will 
find these "Just as Good" Balls, Bats, Mitts, etc., will not stand the 
wear and punishment of the genuine Spalding articles. Remember that 
Spalding Goods are standard the world over, and are used by all the lead- 
ing clubs and players. These "Just as Good" manufacturers endeavor to 
copy the Spalding styles, adopt the Spalding descriptive matter and Spald- 
ing list prices, and then try to see how very cheap and showy they can 
make the article, so the "Just as Good" dealer can work off these imi- 
tations on the unsuspecting boy. 

Don't be deceived by the attractive 25 to 40 per cent, discount that 
may be offered you, for remember that their printed prices are arranged 
for the special purpose of misleading you and to enable the "Just as 
Good" dealer to offer you this special discount bait. This "discount" 
pill that the "Just as Good" dealer asks you to swallow is sugar coated 
and covered up by various catchy devices, that are well calculated to 
deceive the inexperienced boy, who will better understand these tricks of 
the trade as he grows older. Remember that all Spalding Athletic Goods 
are sold at the established printed prices, and no dealer is permitted to 
sell them at a greater or less price. Special discounts on Spalding Goods 
are unknown. Everybody is treated alike. This policy persistently 
adhered to makes it possible to maintain from year to year the high 
quality of Spalding Athletic Goods, which depend for their sale on Spald- 
ing Quality, backed by the broad Spalding Guarantee, and not on any 
deceiving device like this overworked and fraudulent "Discount" scheme 
adopted by all of the "Just as Good" dealers. 

Occasionally one of these "Just as Good" dealers will procure some 
of the Spalding well known red boxes, place them in a showy place on 
his shelves, and T^hen Spalding Goods are called for, will take from these 
Spalding boxes one of the "Just as Good" things, and try to palm it off 
on the boy as a genuine Spalding article. When you go into a store and 
ask for a Spalding article, see to it that the Spalding Trade-Mark is ou 
that article, and if the dealer tries to palm off on you something "Just 
as Good," politely bow yourself out and go to another store, where the 
genuine Spalding article can be procured. 

In purchasing a genuine Spalding Athletic article, you are protected 
by the broad Spalding Guarantee, which reads as follows: 

We Guarantee to each 'purchaser of an article bearing the 
Spalding Trade-Mark that snch article will give satisfaction and 
a reasonable amount of service, when used for the purpose for 
which it was intended and under ordinary conditions and fair 
treatment. 

We Agree to repair or replace, free of charge, any such article 
which proves defective in material or workmanship when subjected 
to fair treatment : PRO VIDEO, such defective article is returned 
to us, transportation prepaid, within thirty days after purchase 
{except where otherwise stipidated on special guarantee tag attached 
to certain articles), and accompanied by a letter from the user, 
giving his name and address, and explaining the claim. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
Beware of the "Just as Good" manufacturer, who makes "pretty" 
Athletic Goods (as if they were for use as an oraament) at the expense 
of "quality." in order to deceive the dealer; and beware of the substi- 
tute-dealer' who completes the 
fraud by offering the 
"Just as Good" ar- 
ticle when Spalding 
Goflds are asked for. 



deceive tue dealer; ana oeware oi lue suusli 






QUALITY 



New AtMetic Goods Catalogue 

The following selection of items- from Spalding's latest Catalogue will give 

an idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufactured by 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. SEND FOR A FREE COPY. 



SEE LIST OF SPALDING STORES ON INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK. 



Archeiy 'Disc*— 

Aah Bar* Marking, CoK 

Alhletic Ubrary ^ Rubber, Golf Shoe. 

Attachm'U, Chest WeigW Discu., Olympic 

Disks. Striking Ba« 
Dumb Bell* 



Bathing Suit 
Ceddy 
Cricket 
Stoking 
Tenni* 
Unifonn 
Balls- 
Base 
Basket 
Cricket 
Field Hockey 
CoU 
Hand 



Volley 
Water Polo 
gaU Qeaner Golf 
ndases. Elastic 



Ban 



dages 
_Be[l* 
aia, Horixontal 



Base Ball 
Indoor 
bathing Suit* 



Cricket 
, Indoor 
Batting Cage. Base Ball 

Leather and Worsted 
Bladders- 
Basket Ball 
Striking Bag 



dtnking I 
Blade*, fo 



C«ddy Badge* 

*^^Ball 

University 

Water Polo 
Center Fork*. Iron 
Center Straps. Canva* 
Chest Weights 
Grde. Seven-Foot 
aock Gol( 
Costo. Base Ball 



(Jonars.di 
Corks. Kunnu>s 
Covers. Racket 



Emblems 
Elmbroidery 
lEquestrian Polo 



Felt Letters 
Fencing Stick* 
Field Hockey 
Finger Protection 

FUgt^*^ 

College 

Foul. Base Ball 
. Marking. Golf 
Foil*, Fenctng 



Glasses. Base Ball Sun 

Gloves- 
Base Ball 
Boxing 
Cricket 
Fencing 
GoK 
Hand Ball 

Glove Soltener 

Coal Cage. Polo 

Goals- 
Basket Ball 

Golf Clubs 

Golf Counter* 

Golfette 

Grips- 
Athletic 
Co" 

Gat Preservative, Tenni* 

Guy Ropes and Peg* ^ 

Cymna'm Suit*. Ladie* 



Hammers, Athletic 
Handle Cover. Rubber 
.Hangers for Indian Club* 
iHats. University 
Health PuU 
Hob Nails 
Hole Cutter. Coll 
Hole Rim. GoU 
Hurdles^ Safety 
Hurley Good(^ 



Jackets. Fencing 

Javelins 

Jerseys 



Lacrosse 

Lanes for Sprint* 

Lawn Bowls 

Les Guards- 
Base Ball 
Cricket 
Field Hockey 

Letters — 

Embroidered 
Felt 



Mallets- 
Cricket 
Croquet 
Equestrian Polo 

Markers. Tenni* 

Masks- 
Base Ball 
Fencmg 

Mattresses 

Megaphone* 

Mitts- 
Base Ball 
Handball 
Striking Bag 

'Monograms 

MufHers. Knitted 



Nets- 
Cricket 
Coif Driving 
Tennis 
Volley Ball 

Numbers. Competitor* 



Pads- 
Chamois. Fencing 
Sliding. Base Ball 
Wrestling 

Paint, GoU 

Pants- 
Base Ball 
Basket Ball 
Bathing. Knee 
Boys' Knee 
Running 

Pennants. Collega 

Pistol, Starter's 

Plastrons. Fencing 

Plates- 
Base Ball Sho« 



Plat/orm*. Striking Bag , 
Poles. Vaulting 
Polo. Equestrian 
Polo. Roller. Good* 
Pbsts— 

Backstop. Tenni* 

Lawn Tenni* 
Protectors- 
Abdomen 

Base Ball Body 

Eye Glass 

Indoor Base Ball 

Thumb 
Protection, Running Shoe* 
Pulleys and Axle. Tenni* 
Push Ball 
Pushers. Cbamoi* 
Puttees, CoU 

Quoit* 



Racket Cover* 
Racket Prese. 
Rackets. Lawn Tenni* 
Rackets ReMrung 
Racks. GoU BaU. 
Rapiers 

Reels for Tennis P6st* 
Referee'. Whi*dB 
Rings-. . 
haerusmg 

Roque 

Rowing Machine* 



Sacks, for Sack Racing 

Sandow Dumb Bell* 

Score Books- 
Base BaU 
Basket Ball 
Cricket 
GoU 
Tenni* 

Score Tablet*. Ba*e BaU 

Shirw- 
Athletic . 
Base Ball 

Shoes- 
Base Ball 
Basket Ball 
Bowling 
Clos^ 
Cricket 
Cross Country 
Fencing 

.Foot BaU, Asaodationl 
Foot Ball. CoUege 
Foot Ball. Rugby 
Fool Ball. Socceci 
GoU 
Gymnenum 



Indian OuU PMim tS 



Skate Roller* 

Skates. Roller 

Sleeve. Pitchers 

Slippers Bathing 

Squash Good* 

Standard*— 
Vauking 
Volley Bal( 

Straps- 
Base baU 
For Thiec-Legged f<*c* 

Spikes, Cricket 

Steel Cable. Tenni* N*« 

Sticks, Polo 

Stockings 

S.op Board* 

Sinking Bag* 

Stumps and Bail* 

Suits- 
Gymnasium, Ladie* 
Swimming 

Supporters- 
Ankle 
Wrist 

Suspensories 

"Sweat Band 

Sweaters 

Swivels, Striking Bag 

Swords, Duelling 

Sword*. Fencing 



Take-Off Board 

Adhesive 

Cricket, Measuring 

Marking. Terms 

Measuring Steel 
T«e». Coll 
Tether Tenni* 
Tights- 

AthleUc 

Full 

Full. Wrestling 

Knee 
Toe Board* 

Trooser*. Y.M.C.A. 
Trunk.- 

Baihing 

Velvet 

Wor*te<i 



Wands. Calisthenic 
Watches, Stop 
Water Wings 
Weights. M>-lb. 
WhisUe*. Referee*' 
Wrettling Equ 

JTri-r- ■ 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN 1 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDBESSED TD US 



A. G. SPALDING <& BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



)R COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOH 



PrioM ia «frect J^oary S. IBI3. SubJKt to ckao^ without iu>ac«. For CanMlian prico* (M tppaml I 



JUN 14 1918 

Standard Policy 



A Standard Qyality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a 
Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Qyality. 

To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a 
profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions 
of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list 
price on his goods to the consumer. 

To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out 
attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are 
absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the 
manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured 
his order from the retailer. 

However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who 
does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading 
but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and 
grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," 
which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer 
and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices 
to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably 
leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are 
practically eliminated. r-, . , , 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists 
on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this 
demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap- 
ening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 14 years ago, in 1899, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic 
Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding 

The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding 
Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding 
Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is 
assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and 
the consumer is assured a Standard Qyality and is protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the 
users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : 

First.— The user is assured of genuineOfficialStandard Athletic Goods 
and the same prices to everybody. 

Second.— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in 
purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required 
in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their 
respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary 
quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyality. 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply 
consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices— neither more nor less-the same 
prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated 
exactly alike, and no special rebates or discrirninations are allowed to anyone. 

This briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful 
operation for the past 14 years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

In other words, "The Spalding Policy" is a " square deal" for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



By '^^i:^^^^^^^^^:^'- 

PBXSIOKNT. ^^ 



standard Quality 



An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby 
conceded to be the criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar 
nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit 
of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure geld, 
and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp 
thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and 
other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service 
Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a 
great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against 
counterfeit products — without the aid of "Government Detectives" or "Public 
Opinion" to assist them. 

Consequently the "Consumer's Protection" against misrepresentation and 
"inferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the 
"Manufacturer." 

A.G.Spalding & Bros, have," by their rigorous attention to "Qyality," for 
thirty-seven years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout 
the world as a Guarantee of Qyality as dependable in their field as the 
U. S, Currency is in its field. 

The necessity of upholding the Guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and 
maintaining the Standard Qyality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvi- 
ous as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. 

Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other 
consumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade- 
Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic 
Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by 
insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which 
they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining 
Standard Qyality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. 

Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being 
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of 
"inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. 

A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold 
and a guarantee to protect must necessarily have higher prices than a manufac- 
turer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for Standard Qyality 
depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. 

We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than 
poverty in quality — and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. 




I 



LIBRARY 



ATHLETIC I4] 




book covers e 
and is Official and 'Standard 
Price 10 cents each 



GRAND PRIZE 




GRAND PRIX 



PARIS. 1900 



ST.L0UIS,1904 W Ir -A. JLyJJ 1 JN fj PARIS. 1900 

ATHLETIC GOODS 

ARE THE STANDARD OF THE >N^ORLD 



A,G. Spalding ® Bros, 

MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in iht FOLLOWING CITIES: 
NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS 

BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY 

PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO 

NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES 

BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE 

SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS 

ROCHESTER INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL 

BALTIMORE PITTSBURGH DENVER 

WASHINGTON ATLANTA DALLAS 



LONDON, ENGLAND 
BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND 
MANCHESTER. ENGLAND 
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND 
GLASGOW, SCOTLAND 
-i SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA 

Factories o^vned and operated by A.G.Sprn 



LOUISVILLE 

NEW ORLEANS 
MONTREAL. CANADA 
TORONTO. CANADA 
PARIS, FRANCE 

& Bros, and where ctl of SDoldtna's 



dHICiKGO 



YRAl!»CISCO CHIcifPEE. 



BROOKLYN BOSTON FBILADELPHIA I^NDON, 



